Changes

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

Toxicity is due to the presence of methylxanthines such as theobromine and caffeine in chocolate. They are also present in stimulant preparations and other products.

Toxicity is due to the presence of methylxanthines such as theobromine and caffeine in chocolate. They are also present in stimulant preparations and other products.<ref name="multiple"> '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care'''Second Edition,2007</ref>

==Signalment==

==Signalment==

Dog that live indoors are more likely to have access to chocolate.<ref name="multiple">Tilley Smith'''The 5-Minute Veterinary Consult Canine and Feline''' (Second Edition), ''Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins''</ref>

Dog that live indoors are more likely to have access to chocolate.<ref name="multiple">Tilley Smith'''The 5-Minute Veterinary Consult Canine and Feline''' (Second Edition), ''Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins''</ref>

===Pathology===

===Pathology===

The methylxanthines yield their effects through

The methylxanthines yield their effects through

*'''Antagonism of Adenosine Receptors:'''<ref> '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care''' Second Edition, 2007</ref>

*'''Antagonism of Adenosine Receptors:'''<ref name="multiple"> '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care''' Second Edition, 2007</ref>

*'''Inhibition of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase:'''

*'''Inhibition of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase:'''<ref name="multiple"> '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency and Critical Care''' Second Edition,2007</ref>

==Treatment==

==Treatment==

==Prognosis==

==Prognosis==