Changes

Severity of clinicals signs is inversely proportional to amount ingested. Time post-ingestion is also important.<ref name="multiples">http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/210900.htm, accessed on 31.10.2010 </ref>.

Severity of clinicals signs is inversely proportional to amount ingested. Time post-ingestion is also important.<ref name="multiples">http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/210900.htm, accessed on 31.10.2010 </ref>.

*'''Dogs:''' Ataxia, mild to severe increasing depression and other neurological signs, tachycardia, tachypnoea, polydypsia, polyuria, dehydration, anorexia, emesis, miosis, hypothermia

*'''Dogs:''' Ataxia, mild to severe increasing depression and other neurological signs, tachycardia, tachypnoea, polydypsia, polyuria, dehydration, anorexia, emesis, miosis, hypothermia

**if untreated coma and death, or if lesser amount ingested oliguric renal failure within 2 to 7 days after ingestion .<ref name="multiples">http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/210900.htm, accessed on 31.10.2010 </ref>, <ref name="multiple"> '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency Care'''(Second Edition 2007)</ref>.

**if untreated coma and death, or if lesser amount ingested oliguric acute renal failure within 2 to 7 days after ingestion .<ref name="multiples">http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/210900.htm, accessed on 31.10.2010 </ref>, <ref name="multiple"> '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency Care'''(Second Edition 2007)</ref>.

***if untreated anuric renal failure

***if untreated anuric acute renal failure

*'''Cats:''' Ataxia, pronounced depression and other neurological signs, tachycardia, tachypnoea, polyuria, dehydration, anorexia, emesis, miosis <ref name="multiple">'''The 5-Minute Veterinary Consult, Canine and Feline''' (Second Edition),''Lippencott, Williams and Wilkins </ref>,  

*'''Cats:''' Ataxia, pronounced depression and other neurological signs, tachycardia, tachypnoea, polyuria, dehydration, anorexia, emesis, miosis <ref name="multiple">'''The 5-Minute Veterinary Consult, Canine and Feline''' (Second Edition),''Lippencott, Williams and Wilkins </ref>,  

<ref name="multiple">'''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency Care''',Second Edition 2007,Chapter 19</ref>.

<ref name="multiple">'''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Emergency Care''',Second Edition 2007,Chapter 19</ref>.

**coma and death if untreated, or if lesser amount ingested oliguric renal failure within 1 day after ingestion  

**coma and death if untreated, or if lesser amount ingested oliguric acute renal failure within 1 day after ingestion  

***if untreated anuric renal failure

***if untreated anuric acute renal failure

*Metabolic Acidosis, increased serum osmolality, increased anion gap, decreased plasma bicarbonate concentration, decreased PCO2, decrease blood pH

*Metabolic Acidosis, increased serum osmolality, increased anion gap, decreased plasma bicarbonate concentration, decreased PCO2, decrease blood pH

*increased urea and creatinine, hyperkalaemia,  

*increased urea and creatinine, hyperkalaemia,  

===Ultrasonography===

===Ultrasonography===

*Accumulation of Calcium Oxalate Crystals in kidney result in renal hyperechogenicity upon ultrasound examination <ref name=''multiples''>'''Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine''', (Seventh Edition), ''Ettinger and Feldman''; p1968 </ref>.

*Renal accumulation of calcium oxalate crystals results in hyperechogenicity upon ultrasound examination <ref name=''multiples''>'''Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine''', (Seventh Edition), ''Ettinger and Feldman''; p1968 </ref>.

===Biopsy====

===Biopsy===

*Needle or surgical wedge biopsy of kidney <ref name=''multiples''>'''Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine''', (Seventh Edition), ''Ettinger and Feldman''; p1968 </ref>.

*Needle or surgical wedge biopsy of kidney <ref name=''multiples''>'''Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine''', (Seventh Edition), ''Ettinger and Feldman''; p1968 </ref>.

===Pathology===

===Pathology===

==Treatment==

==Treatment==

* Ethanol

* Ethanol