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==Introduction==

==Introduction==

Luteinisation occurs after ovulation and the collapse of the follicle.

Luteinisation occurs after ovulation and the collapse of the follicle.

The number of [[The_Ovary_-Corpus_Luteum_- Anatomy & Physiology|corpora lutea]] formed in the ovary at any one time is directly proportional to the number of oocytes ovulated. Therefore many [[The_Ovary_-Corpus_Luteum_- Anatomy & Physiology|corpora lutea]] will be visible on the ovary of [[Gestation_-Litter_Sizes_- Anatomy & Physiology|polytocous]] animals. During Luteinisation there is an increase in both the size and weight due to hyperplasia (increase in cell number) and hypertrophy (increase in cell size) within the developing [[The_Ovary_-Corpus_Luteum_- Anatomy & Physiology|corpus luteum]].

The number of [[The_Ovary_-Corpus_Luteum_- Anatomy & Physiology|corpora lutea]] formed in the ovary at any one time is directly proportional to the number of oocytes ovulated. Therefore many [[The_Ovary_-Corpus_Luteum_- Anatomy & Physiology|corpora lutea]] will be visible on the ovary of [[Gestation_-Litter_Sizes_- Anatomy & Physiology|polytocous]] animals. During Luteinisation there is an increase in both the size and weight due to hyperplasia (increase in cell number) and hypertrophy (increase in cell size) within the developing [[The_Ovary_-Corpus_Luteum_- Anatomy & Physiology|corpus luteum]].

=Process of Luteinisation=

==Process of Luteinisation==

== Tissue Remodelling ==

=== Tissue Remodelling ===

*PGE2 released locally within the ovary causes activation of the body's tissue remodelling enzyme plasmin from its zymogen plasminogen. Activated Plasmin dissolves clot of the corpus Haemorrhagicum, formed due to disruption of follicular blood vessels at ovulation. Plasmin also helps in the remodelling of follicular basement membrane into copus luteum connective tissue.

*PGE2 released locally within the ovary causes activation of the body's tissue remodelling enzyme plasmin from its zymogen plasminogen. Activated Plasmin dissolves clot of the corpus Haemorrhagicum, formed due to disruption of follicular blood vessels at ovulation. Plasmin also helps in the remodelling of follicular basement membrane into copus luteum connective tissue.

== Cell Differentiation ==

=== Cell Differentiation ===

Two types of luteal cells are present within the corpus luteum:

Two types of luteal cells are present within the corpus luteum:

=== Small luteal cells (<20µm) ===

==== Small luteal cells (<20µm) ====

[[Image:Corpus Luteum 1.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Histological Section of the Corpus Luteum showing Small Luteal Cells - Courtesy of J.Bredl, Copyright RVC 2008]]

[[Image:Corpus Luteum 1.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Histological Section of the Corpus Luteum showing Small Luteal Cells - Courtesy of J.Bredl, Copyright RVC 2008]]

:* Formed from remodelled Follicular Theca cells. These cells proliferate during luteinisation.

:* Formed from remodelled Follicular Theca cells. These cells proliferate during luteinisation.

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=== Large luteal cells (20-40µm) ===

==== Large luteal cells (20-40µm) ====

[[Image:Corpus Luteum 2.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Histological Section of the Corpus Luteum showing Large Luteal Cells - Courtesy of J.Bredl, Copyright RVC 2008]]

[[Image:Corpus Luteum 2.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Histological Section of the Corpus Luteum showing Large Luteal Cells - Courtesy of J.Bredl, Copyright RVC 2008]]

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== Angiogenesis ==

=== Angiogenesis ===

*There is an increase cappilary cells and fibroblasts within the developing corpus luteum

*There is an increase cappilary cells and fibroblasts within the developing corpus luteum

*The extent to which the corpus luteum is vascularised may determine its functional capabilities as a large blood supply is required to provide adequate cholosterol for [[Ovaries_Endocrine_Function_- Anatomy & Physiology#Progesterone|Progesterone]] synthesis.

*The extent to which the corpus luteum is vascularised may determine its functional capabilities as a large blood supply is required to provide adequate cholosterol for [[Ovaries_Endocrine_Function_- Anatomy & Physiology#Progesterone|Progesterone]] synthesis.

==Luteinisation Control==

===Luteinisation Control===

Control of [[The_Ovary_-Corpus_Luteum_- Anatomy & Physiology|corpus luteum]] formation and development as well as the production of [[Ovaries_Endocrine_Function_- Anatomy & Physiology#Progesterone|Progesterone]] by luteal cells is regulated principally by Luteinising Hormone.

Control of [[The_Ovary_-Corpus_Luteum_- Anatomy & Physiology|corpus luteum]] formation and development as well as the production of [[Ovaries_Endocrine_Function_- Anatomy & Physiology#Progesterone|Progesterone]] by luteal cells is regulated principally by Luteinising Hormone.

[[Category:Reproductive System - Anatomy & Physiology]]

[[Category:Reproductive System - Anatomy & Physiology]]