Viral Pathogenesis
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Viruses bind to host cells via specific receptors, partly determining which cell types become infected:
| Virus | Receptor | Cell type infected |
|---|---|---|
| HIV | CD4 | Helper T cells |
| Epstein-Barr virus | Complement receptor (type-2) | B cells |
| Influenza A virus | Glycophorin A | Many cell types |
| Polio virus | Polio virus receptor | Neurons |
Examples of pathogenesis of viruses:
- Fifth disease: caused by parvovirus B19, characterised by 'slapped cheek' rash
- Verruca vulgaris: caused by human papillomaviruses-1, -2 and -3
- Cervical cancer: caused by human papillomaviruses-16 and -18
- Acute respiratory disease: caused by adenoviruses -3, -4 and -7. Symptoms include flu-like fever, headache and chills
- Cytomegalovirus: caused by a type of herpesvirus, CMV is the most common viral infection found in infants
- Smallpox: caused by a type of poxvirus