Cardiovascular Viruses

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Viruses Affecting The Heart

1. Foot & Mouth Disease Virus (calves, lambs, piglets)

  • Causes myocarditis and death in young animals

2. Canine Parvo (dog)

  • Causes myocarditis (rare cases) and death in puppies
  • Canine parvo virus attacks the rapidly dividing heart cells


Viruses Affecting The Vasculature

Equine

1. Equine Herpes Virus

  • EHV-1 infects endothelial cells on the maternal side of the placenta causing abortion.
  • In the UK EHV-1 is the most common cause of abortion among horses
  • EHV-1 can also affect the nervous system

2. Equine Infectious Anemia

3. African Horse Sickness Virus

  • AHSV can affect the endothelial cells of the vessels, the cardiac myocardium, and pulmonary structures

4. Equine Viral Arteritis

  • Infection with EVA causes arterial edema, hemorrhages, and necrosis
  • Abortion storms
  • Alimentary and respiratory infections

Swine

1. Porcine Circoviruses

  • Cause hemorrhagic skin lesions
  • Immune complex necrotising vasculitis
  • Two forms of the disease:

a) PMWS: Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome

b) PDNS: Porcine dermatitis nephropathy syndrome

2. African Swine Fever

  • Caused by Asfarvirus

3. Classical Swine Fever

  • Caused by Pestivirus
  • Although caused by two different viruses, African Swine Fever & Classical Swine Fever share similar signs clinically.
  • Petechial Hemorrhages, intravascular thrombosis, hindlimb weakness


Feline

1. Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus

  • Vasculitis, inflammation of abdomen and liver


Rabbit

1. Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus

  • Thrombi formation in the tissues and vessels


Viruses Affecting Vasculature, But Tropism Elsewhere

1. Newcastle Disease Virus (Chickens)

  • Hemorrhagic lesions


2. Bovine Virus Diarrhea (Cattle)

  • Pestivirus
  • Arteritis, respiratory, lymphoid, and reproductive tracts can be affected


3. Rinderpest (Cattle)

  • Respiratory, alimentary, lymphoid involvement


4. Malignant Catarrhal Fever (Cattle)

  • Arteritis, respiratory, lymphoid, and ocular involvement