Difference between revisions of "Category:Leptospiraceae"

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===''Leptospira''===
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|pagebody =''Leptospiraceae'' is a family of [[Spirochaetes species - Overview|''spirochaetes'']]. It includes the genus ''Leptospira'' which causes Leptospirosis in all animals.
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*Motile, helical bacteria found in aquatic environments
 
*Require liquid media for culture
 
*Cause leptospirosis in all animals, which can range from mild urogenital tract infections to systemic diseases
 
*Organisms persist in kidney tubules or genital tract of carrier animals and are shed in urine
 
*Transmission via direct contact
 
*Serovars are fairly host-specific, causing mild disease in the maintenance host, with shedding in the urine
 
*Maintenance hosts may transmit the infection to incidental hosts, which are less susceptible to infection, but develop serious disease
 
* May cause severe systemic disease, resulting in [[Intestines Fibrinous/Haemorrhagic Enteritis - Pathology#Bacterial septicaemia and enteritis|enteritis]]
 
  
*Pathogenesis and pathogenicity
 
**Depends on virulence of the serovar and susceptibility of the host
 
**Leptospires invade tissues through moist skin or via mucous membranes, aided by their motility
 
**Leptospires may invade via receptor-mediated endocytosis
 
**They disseminate through the body via the blood stream
 
**Antibodies clear organisms from the blood stream after about 10 days of infection
 
**Organisms may persist in the renal tubules, uterus, eye or meninges
 
**Evade phagocytosis possibly via macrophage apoptosis
 
**Damage red blood cell membranes and endothelial and liver cells, leading to haemolytic anaemia, jaundice, [[Pigmentation and Calcification - Pathology#Haemoglobin|haemoglobin pigmentation]], haemoglobinuria and haemorrhage in acute leptospirosis
 
 
*Diagnosis
 
**Clinical signs and history of exposure
 
**Dark-field microscopy of urine may detect organisms
 
**Isolation from blood or urine by culture or animal inoculation
 
**Identificaiton or certain serovars using DNA probes and serology
 
**FLuorescent antibody technique for identification in tissues
 
**Silver impregnation
 
**Molecular techniques such as PCR
 
**Serology using microscopic agglutination test or ELISA
 
 
*Clinical infections
 
 
[[Leptospirosis - Cattle and Sheep]]
 
 
**Horses
 
***Clinical disease rare
 
***May be maintenance host of serovar ''bratislava'', which causes abortion and stillbirth
 
***Incidental hosts for serovar ''pomona'', suffering from abortion and renal disease
 
***Chronic leptospirosis may cause an immune-mediated anterior uveitis
 
 
**Pigs
 
***The rodent-adapted serovars ''icterohaemorrhagica'' and ''copenhagenii'' cause acute disease in pigs
 
***Severe disease in young pigs
 
***Serovar ''pomona'' is the host-adapted species, and may be shed in the urine
 
***Infections may cause abortions and stillbirths
 
***Pigs are maintenance hosts for serovars ''tarassovi'' and ''bratislava'', which may cause reproductive failure
 
 
**Dogs and cats
 
***Serovars ''canicola'' and ''icterohaemorrhagica'' cause leptospirosis in dogs, but are vaccinated against
 
***Serovars ''pomona'' and ''grippotyphosa'' are becoming important
 
***The host-adapted serovar ''canicolar'' causes acute renal failure in puppies; a chronic uraemic syndrome may follow
 
***Incidental infections with serovar ''icterohaemorrhagica'' or ''copenhagenii'' cause renal failure
 
***''L. icterohaemorrhagiae'' may cause [[Pigmentation and Calcification - Pathology#Hepatic (Toxic) Icterus|hepatic jaundice]]
 
***Serovar ''bratislava'' causes abortion and infertility in dogs, which may be the maintenance host
 
***Infections uncommon in cats
 
  
 
[[Category:Spirochaetes]]
 
[[Category:Spirochaetes]]

Latest revision as of 15:09, 14 December 2010

Leptospiraceae

Leptospiraceae is a family of spirochaetes. It includes the genus Leptospira which causes Leptospirosis in all animals.

Content


Pages in category "Leptospiraceae"

This category contains only the following page.