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| + | *Damage to [[Ameloblasts|ameloblasts]] (which form [[Enamel|enamel]]) in utero upsets permanent incisor formation. |
| − | Also known as: '''''Enamel Hypoplasia'''''
| + | *[[Enamel|Enamel]] is marked by pits, lines etc. |
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| − | == Introduction ==
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| − | [[Image:enamal-hypoplasia.gif|right|thumb|125px|<small>Enamal (Courtesy of Alun Williams (RVC))<center></center></small>]]
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| − | This condition is a consequence of abnormalities occurring during the period of [[Tooth Eruption|tooth eruption]]. It involves damage to [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Ameloblasts|ameloblasts]] (which form [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Enamel|enamel]]) in utero, which upsets permanent incisor formation. The [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Enamel|enamel]] is marked by pits and lines etc.
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| − | In ruminants, damage to [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Enamel|enamel]] formation is most often caused by fluoride poisoning and is seen in cattle grazing on pasture contaminated by cement works effluent.
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| − | In dogs, hypoplasia may occur following a [[Canine Distemper Virus]] (CDV) infection during tooth development. This is a very severe systemic disease seen early in life or in utero in dogs. For more small animal specific information please see [[Tooth Developmental Problems#Enamel Dysplasia|Enamel Dysplasia]]
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| − | Hypoplasia may also occur in single teeth following damage to the permanent tooth germ, for example if a deciduous tooth is fractured or extracted without care. The damaged ameloblasts will fail to form enamel and abnormalities will be evident.
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| − | == Clinical Signs ==
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| − | In ruminants, one will see a chalky mottling and yellow brown pitting of the [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]], due to enamel hypoplasia. There is usually no difficulty in mastication detected and the animal is clinically well.
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| − | In dogs, enamel hypoplasia may result in severe discoloration or pitting of a tooth or teeth due to the effect on [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Enamel|enamel]] formation.
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| − | == Diagnosis ==
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| − | Clinical signs are diagnostic, plus history e.g. of CDV in dogs, fluoride in cattle.
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| − | == Treatment and Control ==
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| − | There is no treatment for this condition. Control measures are prevention of the causes of the disease, e.g. vaccination against CDV and prevention of fluoride poisoning in cattle.
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| − | If only a single tooth is affected, restorative treatment can be performed using dental composites or a metal-alloy jacket crown.
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| − | {{Learning
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| − | |Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/search?s=Odontodystrophy Odontodystrophy]
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| − | |flashcards = [[Veterinary Dentistry Q&A 13]]
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| − | }}
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| − | == References ==
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| − | Tutt, C., Deeprose, J. and Crossley, D. (2007) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Dentistry''' (3rd Edition), ''British Small Animal Veterinary Association.''
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| − | Williams, A (2008) '''Alimentary System Study Guide,''''' Royal Veterinary College.''
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| − | Verstraete, F. (1999) '''Self-assessment colour review in Veterinary Dentistry''' ''Manson Publishing''
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| − | {{review}}
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| − | {{OpenPages}}
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| | + | ====In ruminants:==== |
| | + | *Damage to [[Enamel|enamel]] formation most often caused by fluoride poisoning. |
| | + | *Seen in cattle grazing on pasture contaminated by cement works effluent. |
| | + | *Chalky mottling and yellow brown pitting of [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]]. |
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| | + | ====In canines:==== |
| | + | [[Image:enamal-hypoplasia.gif|right|thumb|125px|<small>Enamal Hypoplasia Following a CDV infection (Courtesy of Alun Williams (RVC))<center></center></small>]] |
| | + | Very severe systemic disease early in life / or in utero may result in severe discoloration or pitting of teeth due to effect on [[Enamel|enamel]] formation. (e.g. [[Canine Distemper Virus|distemper in dog]]) |
| | [[Category:Teeth - Degenerative Pathology]] | | [[Category:Teeth - Degenerative Pathology]] |
| − | [[Category:Dental Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Dental Diseases - Dog]] | + | [[Category:Cattle]][[Category:Oral Diseases - Dog]] |
| − | [[Category:Expert_Review - Farm Animal]] | + | [[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical]] |
