Difference between revisions of "Sarcoptic Mange"

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{{OpenPagesTop}}
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==Transmission==
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Also known as: '''''Scabies'''''
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[[Image:Puppy sarcoptic mange.jpg|thumb|right|150px|'''Puppy with sarcoptic mange''' <br> Caroldermoid 2006, Wikimedia Commons]]
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*Close contact
  
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== Introduction ==
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*Adults and larvae can be transferred from one skin surface to another
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[[Image:Puppy sarcoptic mange.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<b>Puppy with sarcoptic mange</b> <br /> Caroldermoid 2006, Wikimedia Commons]]
 
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[[Image:Scabies human skin pruritus.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Scabies on human skin resulting in pruritus - Geary 2006,Wikimedia Commons]]
 
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Sarcoptic mange is a relatively common skin disease of dogs and other species, in the UK. It can affect animals of all ages, but may be most severe in puppies. It can also transfer to humans where it cannot burrow, but will cause a pruritic, erythrematous dermatitis.
 
  
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Transmission of the disease is by direct contact.
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==Pathogenesis==
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*Erythema with papule formation
  
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The mite ''[[Sarcoptes|Sarcoptes scabiei]]'' is the cause. Strains of ''S. scabiei'' can be passed between different animals and cause clinical signs although the infection is likely to resolve spontaneously and be unlikely to establish.
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*Scale and crust formation
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**Alopecia
  
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The disease is common in the dog, rare in the cat and quite common in pigs, where the disease is also severe. In cattle, sheep and horses the disease is notifiable and rare.
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*Intense pruritus for 1 week
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**Self-inflicted trauma
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**Scab formation
  
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Sarcoptic Mange is an important condition in pigs where 35% of pigs are asymptomatic carriers of the infection. Transmission is usually via direct contact from sow to piglets whilst suckling and from boars to gilts at service.
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*Wrinkling and thickening of skin
  
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== Clinical Signs ==
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*[[Hypersensitivity - Introduction|Hypersensitivity]] may develop
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**Rash develops
  
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The disease is characterised by erythema with papule formation, scale and crust formation, alopecia and intense pruritus for at least one week. This will often appear clinically as self-inflicted trauma wounds and scab formation.
 
  
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There will be a wrinkling and thickening of skin in the chronic cases too and [[Hypersensitivity - Introduction|hypersensitivity]] may develop.
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''Sarcoptes scabiei''
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*Causes scabies
  
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In the dog, clinical signs are characteristic with the first signs appearing at edges of ears, then progresses to muzzle, face and elbows. It is intensely pruritic.
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*Strains of ''S. scabiei'' can be passed between different animals and cause clinical signs although the infection is likely to resolve spontaneously and be unlikely to establish
  
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First signs of infestation in pigs appear on the ears before spreading to the rest of the body, which is the same as dogs.
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==Diagnosis==
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*Skin scraping until capillary blood appears
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**Adults, eggs, immature mites and faecal pellets can be seen microscopically
  
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== Diagnosis ==
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*Place material on a microscope slide
  
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Diagnosis can be made by the characteristic clinical signs. A deep skin scraping should be taken (skin scraping until capillary blood appears) then viewed under the microscope for identification of mites. Slides are prepared by placing material on a slide, adding 10% KOH and warming over a bunsen flame. Adults, eggs, immature mites and faecal pellets can be seen microscopically.
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*Add 10% KOH
  
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A '''serological test''' to determine the presence of anti-''Sarcoptes'' [[IgG]] is also available in dogs. This test is reported to have a sensitivity ranging between 83% and 92% and a specificity ranging between 89.5% and 92%.
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*Warm slide over bunsen flame
  
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== Treatment and Control==
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==Treatment==
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*Acaricide
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**For more information on acaricides click [[Ectoparasiticides|here]]
  
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An [[Ectoparasiticides|acaricide]] should be used to treat this infection.
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*Treat both infected and in-contact animals
  
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Both infected and in-contact animals should be treated, older products have to be given in repeat treatments. Avermectins are effective in farm animals and Selamectin is available as a good spot-on for dogs.
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*Older products have to be given in repeat treatments
  
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All bedding and materials that have come into contact with the animal, e.g. the car, must be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected.
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*Avermectins are effective in farm animals
  
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Control for pigs includes treating sows before entering the farrowing pen and treating boars at 6 month intervals.
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*Selamectin is available as a good spot-on for dogs
  
  
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Also see: <big><b>[[Mites - Ferrets#Scabies|Scabies in Ferrets]]</b></big>
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===Dog===
  
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{{Learning
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*Sarcoptic Mange is highly contagious
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|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Disease/dis02359.asp Sarcoptic mange]
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*Intense pruritus
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*First signs appear at edges of ears, then progresses to muzzle, face and elbows
  
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|flashcards = [[Mites Flashcards|Mites Flashcards]]
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===Cat===
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*Is rare
  
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[[Small Animal Dermatology Q&A 11]]
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===Pig===
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}}
 
  
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== References ==
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===Cattle===
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*Sarcoptic Mange is most frequently seen in housed cattle
  
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Foster, A, and Foll, C. (2003) '''BSAVA small animal dermatology '''(second edition) ''British Small Animal Veterinary Association''
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*'''Notifiable in USA and Canada'''
  
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Fox, M and Jacobs, D. (2007) '''Parasitology Study Guide Part 1: Ectoparasites''''' Royal Veterinary College ''
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*Often called 'neck and tail mange' as lesions most often seen on neck and tail
  
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Patel, A. (2008) '''Small animal dermatology''' ''Elsevier Health Sciences''
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*Infestation adversely affects productivity
  
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Taylor, D.J. (2006) '''Pig Diseases '''(Eighth edition)'' St Edmunsdbury Press ltd''
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===Sheep===
  
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===Horse===
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*Sarcoptic Mange is '''Notifiable in UK'''
  
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*Lesions begin on head, neck and shoulders then spread to rest of body
  
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{{review}}
 
  
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{{OpenPages}}
 
  
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[[Category:Expert_Review - Farm Animal]] [[Category:Expert Review - Small Animal]][[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Dog]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Cat]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Cattle]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Pig]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Sheep]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Horse]] [[Category:Integumentary_System_-_Mite_Infections]]
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[[Category:Zoonoses]]
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==Other==
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*Caused by [[Sarcoptes|''Sarcoptes scabiei'']]
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*Highly contagious
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*Mainly in pigs, dogs, also horses, cattle, sheep, goats and cats
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*Intense pruritus due hypersensitivity to mites borrowing through stratum corneum
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*Usually starts with external pinnae -> head -> neck -> generalised
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*Grossly:
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**Erythematous [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|macules, papules, crusts]]
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**If chronic -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|lichenified]], hairless
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*Microscopically:
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**Hyperplastic, spongiotic, superficial perivascular dermatitis
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**Crusting, eosinophil infiltration
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**Mites are not commonly seen, but eggs and feces may be found in stratumn corneum
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==Test yourself with the Mites Flashcards==
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[[Mites_Flashcards|Mites Flashcards]]
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[[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical]]
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[[Category:Dermatological Diseases - Dog]]
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[[Category:Dermatological Diseases - Cat]]
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[[Category:Cattle]]
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[[Category:Dermatological_Disorders_-_Horse]]

Revision as of 18:54, 21 December 2010

Transmission

Puppy with sarcoptic mange
Caroldermoid 2006, Wikimedia Commons
  • Close contact
  • Adults and larvae can be transferred from one skin surface to another

Pathogenesis

  • Erythema with papule formation
  • Scale and crust formation
    • Alopecia
  • Intense pruritus for 1 week
    • Self-inflicted trauma
    • Scab formation
  • Wrinkling and thickening of skin


Sarcoptes scabiei

  • Causes scabies
  • Strains of S. scabiei can be passed between different animals and cause clinical signs although the infection is likely to resolve spontaneously and be unlikely to establish

Diagnosis

  • Skin scraping until capillary blood appears
    • Adults, eggs, immature mites and faecal pellets can be seen microscopically
  • Place material on a microscope slide
  • Add 10% KOH
  • Warm slide over bunsen flame

Treatment

  • Acaricide
    • For more information on acaricides click here
  • Treat both infected and in-contact animals
  • Older products have to be given in repeat treatments
  • Avermectins are effective in farm animals
  • Selamectin is available as a good spot-on for dogs


Dog

  • Sarcoptic Mange is highly contagious
  • Intense pruritus
  • First signs appear at edges of ears, then progresses to muzzle, face and elbows

Cat

  • Is rare

Pig

Cattle

  • Sarcoptic Mange is most frequently seen in housed cattle
  • Notifiable in USA and Canada
  • Often called 'neck and tail mange' as lesions most often seen on neck and tail
  • Infestation adversely affects productivity

Sheep

Horse

  • Sarcoptic Mange is Notifiable in UK
  • Lesions begin on head, neck and shoulders then spread to rest of body




Other

  • Caused by Sarcoptes scabiei
  • Highly contagious
  • Mainly in pigs, dogs, also horses, cattle, sheep, goats and cats
  • Intense pruritus due hypersensitivity to mites borrowing through stratum corneum
  • Usually starts with external pinnae -> head -> neck -> generalised
  • Grossly:
  • Microscopically:
    • Hyperplastic, spongiotic, superficial perivascular dermatitis
    • Crusting, eosinophil infiltration
    • Mites are not commonly seen, but eggs and feces may be found in stratumn corneum

Test yourself with the Mites Flashcards

Mites Flashcards

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