Difference between revisions of "Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology"
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==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
| − | The hyoid apparatus holds the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]] in place and supports the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] and [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] from the skull. | + | The hyoid apparatus holds the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]] in place and supports the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] and [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] from the skull. It is made up of 5 different bones, which vary in length and size depending on the species. |
| + | [[Image:Hyoid Anatomy.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Hyoid Apparatus in situ - Copyright Nottingham]] | ||
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==Structure and Function== | ==Structure and Function== | ||
| − | + | It is attached to the temporal region of the skull by a [[Joints - Anatomy & Physiology#Cartilaginous Joints|synchondrosis joint]]. It is palpable through the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] and is visible when the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] is viewed through the mouth. The basihyoid is palpable within the intermandibular space. | |
| − | + | The '''sternohyoid''' muscle pulls the hyoid caudally and the '''geniohyoid''' muscle pulls the hyoid rostrally. | |
| − | + | [[Image:Hyoid Bones.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Hyoid Apparatus Drawing - Copyright nabrown]] | |
| − | + | ==The hyoid bones== | |
| − | + | '''1. Basihyoid''' | |
| − | + | Unpaired bone. | |
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| − | + | '''2. Stylohyoid''' | |
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| − | + | Articulates with base of skull at the petrus temporal. A paired bone. | |
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| − | + | '''3. Epihyoid''' | |
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| − | + | A paired bone. | |
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| − | + | '''4. Keratohyoid''' | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | A paired bone. | |
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| + | '''5. Thyrohyoid''' | ||
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| + | Articulates with the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Thyroid Cartilage|thyroid cartilage]] of the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]]. A paired bone. | ||
==Species Differences== | ==Species Differences== | ||
| − | [[Image:Canine Hyoid.jpg|thumb|right| | + | |
| + | [[Image:Canine Hyoid.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Canine hyoid apparatus - Copyright Nottingham]] | ||
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===Carnivores=== | ===Carnivores=== | ||
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| + | Stylohyoid bones are not palpable. | ||
===Equine=== | ===Equine=== | ||
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| − | + | Epihyoid is small, the lingual process is present and they have a well developed stylohyoid muscle. | |
| − | + | ===Ruminants=== | |
| − | + | Lingual process is present. | |
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===Porcine=== | ===Porcine=== | ||
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| − | == | + | Lingual process is present. |
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| + | ==Links== | ||
| − | [[Hyoid Apparatus - Musculoskeletal - Flashcards| | + | Click here for the [[Hyoid Apparatus - Musculoskeletal - Flashcards|hyoid apparatus flashcards]]. |
[[Category:Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology]] | [[Category:Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology]] | ||
| − | [[Category:To Do - | + | [[Category:To Do - AimeeHicks]] |
Revision as of 12:58, 5 January 2011
Introduction
The hyoid apparatus holds the larynx in place and supports the pharynx and tongue from the skull. It is made up of 5 different bones, which vary in length and size depending on the species.
Structure and Function
It is attached to the temporal region of the skull by a synchondrosis joint. It is palpable through the pharynx and is visible when the pharynx is viewed through the mouth. The basihyoid is palpable within the intermandibular space.
The sternohyoid muscle pulls the hyoid caudally and the geniohyoid muscle pulls the hyoid rostrally.
The hyoid bones
1. Basihyoid
Unpaired bone.
2. Stylohyoid
Articulates with base of skull at the petrus temporal. A paired bone.
3. Epihyoid
A paired bone.
4. Keratohyoid
A paired bone.
5. Thyrohyoid
Articulates with the thyroid cartilage of the larynx. A paired bone.
Species Differences
Carnivores
Stylohyoid bones are not palpable.
Equine
Epihyoid is small, the lingual process is present and they have a well developed stylohyoid muscle.
Ruminants
Lingual process is present.
Porcine
Lingual process is present.
Links
Click here for the hyoid apparatus flashcards.