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| − | ==Paratuberculosis ([[Johne's Disease]])== | + | {{frontpage |
| | + | |pagetitle =Enteritis, Proliferative |
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| | + | |contenttitle =Content |
| | + | |contentbody =<big><b> |
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| | + | <categorytree mode=pages>Enteritis, Proliferative</categorytree> |
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| | + | </b></big> |
| | + | |logo =path-logo.png |
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| − | ==Proliferative Enteritis in Other Species==
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| − | ===Granulomatous Colitis===
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| − |
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| − | * Affects the '''horse'''.
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| − | ** Usually young to middle age adults.
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| − | * Unknown cause.
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| − | * Is a one-off occurence rather than a herd problem.
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| − | * As in Johnes Diseaase, there is chronic ongoing diarrhoea with eventual death.
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| − | * Thickening of mucosa is seen mainly in the [[Caecum - Anatomy & Physiology|caecum]] and [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]].
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| − | ** Lamina propria contains granulomatous inflammatory tissue (as in Johnes Disease).
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| − | ** Sometimes large numbers of eosinophils are seen.
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| − | * Mesenteric lymph nodes are very large.
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| − | * At laparotomy lymph node appears like lymphosarcoma (very large).
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| − | * Cannot do much to remedy the condition once it has started.
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| − | ** Progresses to death.
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| − |
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| − | ====Proposed Pathogenesis====
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| − |
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| − | * Hypersensitivity reaction to trichoneme parasite?
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| − | ** Possibly an idiosyncratic response to the encysted larvae.
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| − | * Dysbacteriosis or disordered immune response?
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| − |
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| − | ===Porcine Adenomatosis Complex===
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| − |
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| − | * Characteristic proliferation of mucosa.
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| − | * Known as PIA - porcine intestinal adenomatosis.
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| − |
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| − | ====Clinical====
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| − |
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| − | * Really only seen in the pig.
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| − | ** Can affect all ages of pig.
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| − | * Clinical signs are variable.
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| − | ** Anything from poor weight gain to diarrhoea, weight loss, cachexia and death.
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| − | * Seen often as problem in closed, low infection herds.
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| − | ** Not seen in pigs with lots of other pathogens in guts.
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| − |
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| − | ====Pathogenesis====
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| − |
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| − | * Caused by [[Lawsonia intracellularis|''Lawsonia intracellularis'']].
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| − | ** A spirochete that does not grow well except in tissue culture.
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| − |
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| − | ====Pathology====
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| − |
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| − | * The terminal [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] and [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]] are affected by proliferation of the mucosal epithelium.
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| − | * '''Gross'''
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| − | ** Thickened mucosal epithelium.
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| − | ** Has almost polypoid-like nodules several millimetres in diameter.
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| − | ** Undifferentiated epithelium replaces goblet cells.
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| − | *** Appears almost neoplastic.
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| − | * '''Histologically'''
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| − | ** Very similar to a virus induced proliferation.
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| − | ** Organisms seen in the apical part of epithelial cells lining glands of terminal [[Ileum - Anatomy & Physiology|ileum]], [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]] and [[Caecum - Anatomy & Physiology|caecum]].
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| − | ** May produce mild ulceration in mucosa and mild inflammatory infiltration.
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| − |
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| − | * Porcine adenomatosis complex can be divided into four distinct syndromes:
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| − | *# '''Intestinal adenomatosis'''
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| − | *#* THe basic hyperplastic and metaplastic changes are seen in the epithelium. [[Image:porcine intestinal adenomatosis campylobacter.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Campylobacter mucosalis in intracellular porcine intestinal adenomatosis (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)]]
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| − | *#* Causes chronic weight loss and diarrhoea.
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| − | *# '''Necrotic enteritis'''
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| − | *#* Predominately affects the [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]] and terminal [[Ileum - Anatomy & Physiology|ileum]].
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| − | *#* Parts of the hyperplastic mucosa develop erosions and ulcerations.
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| − | *#** These areas become [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]]ised by ''Fusiformis'' baceria.
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| − | *#*** Gives areas of coagulative necrosis covered by a thick diptheretic membrane.
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| − | *# '''Terminal ileitis'''
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| − | *#* Characterised by marked hypertrophic thickening of the muscular portion of the wall of the terminal [[Ileum - Anatomy & Physiology|ileum]].
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| − | *#* Gives an attendant stenosis of the lumen of the [[Ileum - Anatomy & Physiology|ileum]].
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| − | *#* There is associated thickening of the mucosa due to hypertrophy and secondary granulomatous inflammation.
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| − | *#** This is presumably caused by a degree of obstruction to the passage of ingesta along the bowel caused by the mucosal hypertrophy.
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| − | *#* Appears very similar to Johnes disease
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| − | *#** Lots of mononuclear cells and a chronic granulomatous type of inflammation.
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| − | *# '''Proliferative haemorrhagic syndrome'''.
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| − | *#* The bowel shows proliferation but with ulceration and copious haemorrhage into the bowel lumen.
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| − | *#* Animals are often be found dead.
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| − | *#* The pathogenesis is unclear.
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| − | *#** May involve a type of hypersensitivity reaction or secondary infection of some type.
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| − |
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| − | ====Sequelae====
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| − |
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| − | * Resolution.
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| − | * Necrotic enteritis.
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| − | * Secondary chronic infection (regional enteritis).
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| − | * Porcine haemorrhgaic enteritis (PHE).
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| | [[Category:Intestine_-_Inflammatory_Pathology_by_Type]] | | [[Category:Intestine_-_Inflammatory_Pathology_by_Type]] |
