Difference between revisions of "Bones Developmental - Pathology"

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#REDIRECT[[:Category:Bones - Developmental Pathology]]
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==Generalised==
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[[Dwarfism]]
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===[[Chondrodysplasia]]===
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===[[Osteopetrosis]] ===
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===[[Lysosomal Storage Disease]]===
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===[[Osteogenesis Imperfecta]]===
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===[[Congenital Hyperostosis]] ===
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===Retention of elongated primary trabeculae===
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*Happens due to impaired osteoclastic activity
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*Primary trabeculae do not transform into secondary and tertiary
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*Continue to elongate
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*Form a dense band beneath growth plate - growth retardation lattice
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*Dense spikules apparent on radiographs
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*Can be caused by [[Paramyxoviridae#Canine Distemper Virus (CDV)|distemper virus]], [[Flaviviridae|bovine viral diarrhoea virus]]
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[[Category:Bones - Developmental Pathology]]
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==Localised==
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*'''Hemimelia''' - abscence of one of limb bones
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*'''Syndactylia''' - fusion of toes
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*'''Polydactylia''' - increased number of digits
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*'''Ectrodactylia''' - cleft in paw extending to metacarpus of dogs and cats
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===Cervical Vertebral Stenotic Myelopathy (Wobblers)===
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*Equine disease
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*Narrowing of the vertebral canal due to malalignment or maldevelopment of the vertebrae
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*Fast growing male TBs ranging from 8 months to 4 years
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*Hind limb ataxia due to cord compression
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[[Category:Bones - Developmental Pathology]]
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===Angular limb deformity===
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*Lateral deviation of distal portion of limb (valgus)
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*Medial deviation of distal portion of limb (varus) - more rare
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*Most common in foals
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**Carpal joint
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**Tarsal joint
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**Fetlock joint
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*Congenital or acquired
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*Due to:
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**Malpositioning in utero
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**Excessive joint laxity
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**[[Hypothyroidism|Hypothyroidism]]
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**Trauma
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**Overnutrition
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**Defective endochondral ossification
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**Poor conformation
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**Disruption of blood supply to one side of bone
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**Secondary to [[Bones Developmental - Pathology#Physitis|physitis in horses]]
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*Usually resolves spontaneously in one to two weeks of life
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*More severe cases exceding compensatory capabilities will persisist
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*[[Bone & Cartilage Development - Anatomy & Physiology|Cartilage development]] is affected
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[[Category:Bones - Developmental Pathology]]
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===Fibrous dysplasia===
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*See [[Bones Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology#Fibrous dysplasia|Bones and Cartilage - hyperplastic and neoplastic]]
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[[Category:Bones - Developmental Pathology]]
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===Physitis===
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*In horses
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*Often associated with [[Bones Developmental - Pathology#Angular limb deformity|angular limb deformity]]
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*Also called '''epiphysitis''' and '''physeal dysplasia'''
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*Problem of [[Bone & Cartilage Development - Anatomy & Physiology|endochondral ossification]]
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*Two age groups
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**Weanlings
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**Yearlings in early training and two-year-olds
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*May cause contracted tendons and flexural deformities
 +
*Factors probably involved in its development:
 +
**Genetically fast growth rate
 +
**Large quantities of imbalanced, high energy feed
 +
**Imbalanced weight-bearing on joints
 +
**Excessive activity
 +
**Growth spurts
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*Histologically: (appearance similar to [[Bones Developmental - Pathology#Angular limb deformity|angular limb deformity]])
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**Lateral aspect of radius
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***Thickened metaphyseal part of physeal cartilage
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***-> Delay or disturbance of endochondral ossification
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***Compression
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**Central part
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***No obvious deformity
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**Medial aspect
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***Tension
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***-> Transverse [[Bones Fractures - Pathology|fractures]] and repair
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**Laxity of periarticular attachements in young foals allows [[Bones Developmental - Pathology#Angular limb deformity|angular limb deformity]]; not occuring in older foals and young horses
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**(Sustained trauma produces similar lesions)
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[[Category:Bones - Developmental Pathology]]
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==Test yourself with the Bone and Cartilage Pathology Flashcards==
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[[Bones_and_Cartilage_Flashcards_-_Pathology|Bones and Cartilage Flashcards]]
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[http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/livestock/horses/facts/info_congenital.htm#musculoskeletal Developmental abnormalities]
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[[Category:Musculoskeletal System - Pathology]]

Revision as of 18:03, 27 February 2011

Generalised

Dwarfism


Chondrodysplasia

Osteopetrosis

Lysosomal Storage Disease

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Congenital Hyperostosis

Retention of elongated primary trabeculae

  • Happens due to impaired osteoclastic activity
  • Primary trabeculae do not transform into secondary and tertiary
  • Continue to elongate
  • Form a dense band beneath growth plate - growth retardation lattice
  • Dense spikules apparent on radiographs
  • Can be caused by distemper virus, bovine viral diarrhoea virus


Localised

  • Hemimelia - abscence of one of limb bones
  • Syndactylia - fusion of toes
  • Polydactylia - increased number of digits
  • Ectrodactylia - cleft in paw extending to metacarpus of dogs and cats


Cervical Vertebral Stenotic Myelopathy (Wobblers)

  • Equine disease
  • Narrowing of the vertebral canal due to malalignment or maldevelopment of the vertebrae
  • Fast growing male TBs ranging from 8 months to 4 years
  • Hind limb ataxia due to cord compression


Angular limb deformity

  • Lateral deviation of distal portion of limb (valgus)
  • Medial deviation of distal portion of limb (varus) - more rare
  • Most common in foals
    • Carpal joint
    • Tarsal joint
    • Fetlock joint
  • Congenital or acquired
  • Due to:
    • Malpositioning in utero
    • Excessive joint laxity
    • Hypothyroidism
    • Trauma
    • Overnutrition
    • Defective endochondral ossification
    • Poor conformation
    • Disruption of blood supply to one side of bone
    • Secondary to physitis in horses
  • Usually resolves spontaneously in one to two weeks of life
  • More severe cases exceding compensatory capabilities will persisist
  • Cartilage development is affected


Fibrous dysplasia


Physitis

  • In horses
  • Often associated with angular limb deformity
  • Also called epiphysitis and physeal dysplasia
  • Problem of endochondral ossification
  • Two age groups
    • Weanlings
    • Yearlings in early training and two-year-olds
  • May cause contracted tendons and flexural deformities
  • Factors probably involved in its development:
    • Genetically fast growth rate
    • Large quantities of imbalanced, high energy feed
    • Imbalanced weight-bearing on joints
    • Excessive activity
    • Growth spurts
  • Histologically: (appearance similar to angular limb deformity)
    • Lateral aspect of radius
      • Thickened metaphyseal part of physeal cartilage
      • -> Delay or disturbance of endochondral ossification
      • Compression
    • Central part
      • No obvious deformity
    • Medial aspect
    • Laxity of periarticular attachements in young foals allows angular limb deformity; not occuring in older foals and young horses
    • (Sustained trauma produces similar lesions)



Test yourself with the Bone and Cartilage Pathology Flashcards

Bones and Cartilage Flashcards


Developmental abnormalities

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