Difference between revisions of "Chorioptic Mange"

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{{OpenPagesTop}}
 
 
== Introduction  ==
 
== Introduction  ==
  
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All species are thought to be affected by the same strain of mite [[Chorioptes bovis|''Chorioptes bovis'']].
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Chorioptes is a '''non- burrowing '''mite which resides on the skin surface
  
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== Pathogenesis  ==
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'''Hosts''': Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Horses, Rabbits
  
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Chorioptes' mouthparts do not pierce the skin and they feed on skin debris and exudate, meaning its pathogenic significance is mild.
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'''Predilection sites''': Skin- especially legs, feet (particularly heavily feathered horses), udder, abdomen and base of tail
  
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In cattle, economic significance is the main factor as infestation can cause damage to the hide by self trauma.  
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'''Life cycle''': Egg- Larvae- Nymph- Adult. This lifecycle takes around three weeks to complete. Eggs are found attached the the surface of the skin. Adults can survive off the ground for around three weeks, meaning transmission can be via bedding and housing as well as by direct contact.  
  
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== Clinical Signs  ==
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All species are thought to be affected by the same strain of mite ''Chorioptes bovis''
  
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'''Cattle and Small Ruminants'''
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<br>
  
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The disease in these species is usually very mild and not often noticed by stockmen. Signs that are noticed include rubbing and scratching of the affected area and damage to the hide (often not seen until after slaughter).
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== Pathogenesis  ==
  
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Typically affected areas are the base of tail, perineum and the udder, as well as legs of sheep and goats.
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Chorioptes' mouthparts do not pierce the skin and they&nbsp;feed on skin debris and exudate, meaning is pathogenic significance is mild.  
  
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'''Horses'''
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In cattle, economic significance is the main factor as infestation can cause damage to the hide by&nbsp;self trauma.
  
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The disease is more noticable in horses, with them shaking, scratching, rubbing, stamping and biting the affected areas regularly. Crusty skin lesions on the pastern, fetlock and cannon are a common manifestation as well as thickening of the skin and loss of hair in chronic cases.
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<br>
  
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The problem is worse in colder months and mud can exacerbate the problem to lead to exudative proliferative dermatitis with secondary bacterial infection ([[Greasy Heel|greasy heel]]) in severe cases.
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== Clinical Signs ==
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== Diagnosis ==
 
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History and clinical signs are often used to make a presumptive diagnosis.
 
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A skin scraping from the edge of a fresh lesion will often demonstrate the presence of the mite under a microscope.
 
  
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== Treatment  ==
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*'''Cattle and Small Ruminants<br>'''
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*Usually mild conditon
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*Rubbing and scratching of affected area
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*Hide damage
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*Usually affects the base of the tail, perineum and udder in cattle
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*Usually found on legs of sheep
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*In goats, affects lower hindlegs, hindquarters and abdomen
  
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Always clip the affected area.
 
  
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'''There are no products currently licensed for treatment of ''Chorioptes''. The list below contains a number of products that have been reported effective'''
 
  
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'''Topical'''  
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'''Horses'''
  
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:1% Selenium sulphide shampoo - whole body shampoo
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*Induce crusty skin and lesions on the pastern, fetlock and cannon regions
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:Fipronil (Frontline spray) - on affected area
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*Often seen in rough-legged horses with heavy feathering
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*Stamping, rubbing or biting of affected area<span id="fck_dom_range_temp_1298978581579_938" /><span id="fck_dom_range_temp_1298978581579_587" />
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*Occurs more commonly in colder months
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*Exudative proliferative dermatitis with secondary bacterial infection&nbsp;(greesy heels) can occur in severe cases
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*Thickened, hairless skin in more severe cases
  
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'''Systemic'''
 
  
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:Ivermectin, paste for horses, good to eliminate the mite in a group infestation.
 
  
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Treat all in-contact animals and disinfect bedding, housing and any shared tack (horses).
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== Diagnosis ==
  
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== References  ==
 
  
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Brown, C.M, Bertone, J.J. (2002) '''The 5-Minute Veterinary Consult- Equine,''''' Lippincott, Williams; Wilkins ''
 
  
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Fox, M and Jacobs, D. (2007) '''Parasitology Study Guide Part 1: Ecotparasites '''''Royal Veterinary College ''
 
  
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Lloyd, D.H, Littlewood, J.D, Craig, J.M, Thomsett, L.R. (2003)''' Practical Equine Dermatology, '''''Blackwell Science''
 
  
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Taylor, M.A, Coop, R.L, Wall, R.L, (2007) '''Veterinary Parasitology third edition,''''' Blackwell Science ''
 
  
  
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{{review}}
 
  
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{{OpenPages}}
 
  
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[[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Cattle]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Sheep]] [[Category:Expert_Review - Horse]][[Category:Expert Review - Farm Animal]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Horse]] [[Category:Integumentary_System_-_Mite_Infections]]
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[[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Cattle]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Sheep]] [[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical|To_Do_-_Kate]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Horse]] [[Category:Integumentary_System_-_Mite_Infections]]

Revision as of 11:25, 1 March 2011

Introduction

Chorioptes is a non- burrowing mite which resides on the skin surface

Hosts: Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Horses, Rabbits

Predilection sites: Skin- especially legs, feet (particularly heavily feathered horses), udder, abdomen and base of tail

Life cycle: Egg- Larvae- Nymph- Adult. This lifecycle takes around three weeks to complete. Eggs are found attached the the surface of the skin. Adults can survive off the ground for around three weeks, meaning transmission can be via bedding and housing as well as by direct contact.

All species are thought to be affected by the same strain of mite Chorioptes bovis


Pathogenesis

Chorioptes' mouthparts do not pierce the skin and they feed on skin debris and exudate, meaning is pathogenic significance is mild.

In cattle, economic significance is the main factor as infestation can cause damage to the hide by self trauma.


Clinical Signs

  • Cattle and Small Ruminants
  • Usually mild conditon
  • Rubbing and scratching of affected area
  • Hide damage
  • Usually affects the base of the tail, perineum and udder in cattle
  • Usually found on legs of sheep
  • In goats, affects lower hindlegs, hindquarters and abdomen


Horses

  • Induce crusty skin and lesions on the pastern, fetlock and cannon regions
  • Often seen in rough-legged horses with heavy feathering
  • Stamping, rubbing or biting of affected area
  • Occurs more commonly in colder months
  • Exudative proliferative dermatitis with secondary bacterial infection (greesy heels) can occur in severe cases
  • Thickened, hairless skin in more severe cases


Diagnosis

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