Difference between revisions of "Chorioptic Mange"

Revision as of 15:27, 1 March 2011

Introduction

Chorioptes is a non- burrowing mite which resides on the skin surface

Hosts: Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Horses, Rabbits

Predilection sites: Skin- especially legs, feet (particularly heavily feathered horses), udder, abdomen and base of tail

Life cycle: Egg- Larvae- Nymph- Adult. This lifecycle takes around three weeks to complete. Eggs are found attached the the surface of the skin. Adults can survive off the ground for around three weeks, meaning transmission can be via bedding and housing as well as by direct contact.

All species are thought to be affected by the same strain of mite Chorioptes bovis

Pathogenesis

Chorioptes' mouthparts do not pierce the skin and they feed on skin debris and exudate, meaning is pathogenic significance is mild.

In cattle, economic significance is the main factor as infestation can cause damage to the hide by self trauma.

Clinical Signs

Cattle and Small Ruminants

Usually mild conditon
Rubbing and scratching of affected area
Hide damage
Usually affects the base of the tail, perineum and udder in cattle
Usually found on legs of sheep
In goats, affects lower hindlegs, hindquarters and abdomen

Horses

Induce crusty skin and lesions on the pastern, fetlock and cannon regions
Often seen in rough-legged horses with heavy feathering
Stamping, rubbing or biting of affected area<span id="fck_dom_range_temp_1298978581579_938" /><span id="fck_dom_range_temp_1298978581579_587" />
Occurs more commonly in colder months
Exudative proliferative dermatitis with secondary bacterial infection (greesy heels) can occur in severe cases
Thickened, hairless skin in more severe cases

Diagnosis

History and clinical signs
A skin scraping from the edge of a fresh lesion will often demonstrate the presence of the mite under a microscope

Treatment

There are no products currently licensed for treatment of Chorioptes. The list below contains a number of products that have been reported effective

Topical

Clip affected area
1% Selenium sulphide shampoo. Whole body shampoo
Fipronil (Frontline spray) on affected area

Systemic

Ivermectin, paste for horses, good to eliminate the mite in a group infestation
Treat all in-contact animals, disinfect housing and dispose of bedding.

References

Brown, C.M, Bertone, J.J. (2002) The 5-Minute Veterinary Consult- Equine', Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
Fox, M and Jacobs, D. (2007) Parasitology Study Guide Part 1: Ecotparasites Royal Veterinary College

Lloyd, D.H, Littlewood, J.D, Craig, J.M, Thomsett, L.R. (2003) Practical Equine Dermatology, Blackwell Science
Taylor, M.A, Coop, R.L, Wall, R.L, (2007) Veterinary Parasitology third edition, Blackwell Science

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{OpenPagesTop}}
 == Introduction  ==
-All species are thought to be affected by the same strain of mite [[Chorioptes bovis|''Chorioptes bovis'']].
+Chorioptes is a '''non- burrowing '''mite which resides on the skin surface
+'''Hosts''': Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Horses, Rabbits
+'''Predilection sites''': Skin- especially legs, feet (particularly heavily feathered horses), udder, abdomen and base of tail
+'''Life cycle''': Egg- Larvae- Nymph- Adult. This lifecycle takes around three weeks to complete. Eggs are found attached the the surface of the skin. Adults can survive off the ground for around three weeks, meaning transmission can be via bedding and housing as well as by direct contact.
+All species are thought to be&nbsp;affected by the same strain of mite ''Chorioptes bovis''
+<br>
 == Pathogenesis  ==
-Chorioptes' mouthparts do not pierce the skin and they&nbsp;feed on skin debris and exudate, meaning its pathogenic significance is mild.
+Chorioptes' mouthparts do not pierce the skin and they&nbsp;feed on skin debris and exudate, meaning is pathogenic significance is mild.
+In cattle, economic significance is the main factor as infestation can cause damage to the hide by&nbsp;self trauma.
-In cattle, economic significance is the main factor as infestation can cause damage to the hide by self trauma.
+<br>
 == Clinical Signs  ==
-'''Cattle and Small Ruminants'''
+'''Cattle and Small Ruminants<br>'''
-The disease in these species is usually very mild and not often noticed by stockmen. Signs that are noticed include rubbing and scratching of the affected area and damage to the hide (often not seen until after slaughter).
+*Usually mild conditon
+*Rubbing and scratching of affected area
+*Hide damage
+*Usually affects the base of the tail, perineum and udder in cattle
+*Usually found on legs of sheep
+*In goats, affects lower hindlegs, hindquarters and abdomen
-Typically affected areas are the base of tail, perineum and the udder, as well as legs of sheep and goats.
+<br>
 '''Horses'''
-The disease is more noticable in horses, with them shaking, scratching, rubbing, stamping and biting the affected areas regularly. Crusty skin lesions on the pastern, fetlock and cannon are a common manifestation as well as thickening of the skin and loss of hair in chronic cases.
+*Induce crusty skin and lesions on the pastern, fetlock and cannon regions
+*Often seen in rough-legged horses with heavy feathering
+*Stamping, rubbing or biting of affected area&lt;span id="fck_dom_range_temp_1298978581579_938" /&gt;&lt;span id="fck_dom_range_temp_1298978581579_587" /&gt;
+*Occurs more commonly in colder months
+*Exudative proliferative dermatitis with secondary bacterial infection&nbsp;(greesy heels) can occur in severe cases
+*Thickened, hairless skin in more severe cases
-The problem is worse in colder months and mud can exacerbate the problem to lead to exudative proliferative dermatitis with secondary bacterial infection ([[Greasy Heel|greasy heel]]) in severe cases.
+<br>
 == Diagnosis  ==
-History and clinical signs are often used to make a presumptive diagnosis.
+*History and clinical signs
+*A skin scraping from the edge of a fresh lesion will often demonstrate the presence of the mite under a microscope
-A skin scraping from the edge of a fresh lesion will often demonstrate the presence of the mite under a microscope.
+<br>
 == Treatment  ==
-Always clip the affected area.
+'''There&nbsp;are no products&nbsp;currently licensed for treatment of Chorioptes. The list below contains a number of products that have been reported effective'''
-'''There are no products currently licensed for treatment of ''Chorioptes''. The list below contains a number of products that have been reported effective'''
 '''Topical'''
-:1% Selenium sulphide shampoo - whole body shampoo
+*Clip affected area
-:Fipronil (Frontline spray)  - on affected area
+*1% Selenium sulphide shampoo. Whole body shampoo
+*Fipronil (Frontline spray) on affected area
 '''Systemic'''
-:Ivermectin, paste for horses, good to eliminate the mite in a group infestation.
+*Ivermectin, paste for horses, good to eliminate the mite in a group infestation
+*Treat all in-contact animals, disinfect housing and dispose of bedding.
-Treat all in-contact animals and disinfect bedding, housing and any shared tack (horses).
+<br>
 == References  ==
-Brown, C.M, Bertone, J.J. (2002) '''The 5-Minute Veterinary Consult- Equine,''''' Lippincott, Williams; Wilkins ''
+Brown, C.M, Bertone, J.J. (2002) The 5-Minute Veterinary Consult- Equine', Lippincott, Williams &amp; Wilkins <br>Fox, M and Jacobs, D. (2007) Parasitology Study Guide Part 1: Ecotparasites Royal Veterinary College
-Fox, M and Jacobs, D. (2007) '''Parasitology Study Guide Part 1: Ecotparasites '''''Royal Veterinary College ''
-Lloyd, D.H, Littlewood, J.D, Craig, J.M, Thomsett, L.R. (2003)''' Practical Equine Dermatology, '''''Blackwell Science''
-Taylor, M.A, Coop, R.L, Wall, R.L, (2007) '''Veterinary Parasitology third edition,''''' Blackwell Science ''
-{{review}}
-{{OpenPages}}
+Lloyd, D.H, Littlewood, J.D, Craig, J.M, Thomsett, L.R. (2003) Practical Equine Dermatology, Blackwell Science<br>Taylor, M.A, Coop, R.L, Wall, R.L, (2007) Veterinary Parasitology third edition, Blackwell Science
-[[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Cattle]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Sheep]] [[Category:Expert_Review - Horse]][[Category:Expert Review - Farm Animal]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Horse]] [[Category:Integumentary_System_-_Mite_Infections]]
+[[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Cattle]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Sheep]][[Category:To_Do_- Review]][[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Horse]] [[Category:Integumentary_System_-_Mite_Infections]]