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<big><center>[[Bones|'''BACK TO BONES''']]</center></big>
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==Changes to normal structure==
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===Damage to Periosteum===
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*Invokes a hyperplastic reaction of the inner layer
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*Is painful
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*Exostoses can remodel or remain
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Lifting of periosteum causes new bone formation below
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Circumferential incision (e.g. during [[Bones Fractures - Pathology|fracture]])
===Normal structure===
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*Longitudinal bone growth results
 
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*May be only on one side where periosteum is damaged
**Damage to periosteum:
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**Used by surgeons to treat [[Angular Limb Deformity|angular limb deformities]]
***Invokes a hyperplastic reaction of the inner layer
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***Is painful
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***Exostoses can remodel or remain
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**Lifting of periosteum causes new bone formation below
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**Circumferential incision (e.g. during [[Bones - fractures|fracture]])
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***Longitudinal bone growth results
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***May be only on one side where periosteum is damaged
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****Used by surgeons to treat [[Bones - developmental#Angular limb deformity|angular limb deformities]]
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===Physis (Growth plate)===
 
===Physis (Growth plate)===
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*If growth teporarily stops -> layer of bone seals the growth plate -> moves into metaphysis when growth resumes -> forms '''Harris lines'''
 
*If growth teporarily stops -> layer of bone seals the growth plate -> moves into metaphysis when growth resumes -> forms '''Harris lines'''
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===Bone resorption===
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==Test yourself with the Bone and Cartilage Pathology Flashcards==
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[[Bones_and_Cartilage_Flashcards_-_Pathology|Bones and Cartilage Flashcards]]
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*Mediated by two [[Parathyroid Pathology#Hormonal Control|hormones]]:
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[[Category:Bones - Pathology|A]]
**'''Parathyroid hormone (PTH)'''
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***Produced by <u>chief cells in the parathyroid glands</u> in response to <u>decreased</u> serum calcium
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***In response, osteoclasts increase in number and resorb mineralised matrix - increase Ca in blood
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**'''Calcitonin'''
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***Produced by <u>C-cells in the thyroid glands</u> in response to <u>increased</u> serum calcium
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***Inhibits osteoclasts
 
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