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**Duchenne MD in humans due to dystrophin deficiency also present in some animals
**Duchenne MD in humans due to dystrophin deficiency also present in some animals
**Dystrophin gene mutations reported in the Golden Retriever, Rottweiler, German shorthaired pointer and Irish terrier ''etc.''
**Dystrophin gene mutations reported in the Golden Retriever, Rottweiler, German shorthaired pointer and Irish terrier ''etc.''
*Inadequate [[Muscle Regeneration - Anatomy & Physiology|regeneration]], [[Muscles Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology#Hypertrophy|compensatory hypertrophy]]
*Inadequate [[Muscle Regeneration|regeneration]], [[Muscle Hypertrophy|compensatory hypertrophy]]
'''More about muscular dystrophy'''
*Reported in a Rat terrier
**V high creatine kinase levels, high ALT
**Hypertrophic and atrophic skeletal muscle fibres
**Necrosis, degeneration, phagocytosis, etc seen in the muscle
**Rare myofibre splitting into 2 or more daughter fibres (see on cross section as round fibre, split into two D-shaped halves)
**No dystrophin detected
*Mutation in dystrophin gene
**Cytoplasmic side of the myofibre plasma membrane – playing a role in membrane stability and integrity
**Due to increased membrane permeability Ca2+enters and CK leaks out.
*X-linked MD in Golden retrievers, also suspected in Irish terriers, Belgian Groenendaels, Samoyeds, minature schnauzers and Brittany spaniels
*In cats – hypertrophic muscular dystrophy – no dystrophin detected either
*Diaphram, tongue and oesophagus usually particularly hypertrophied
*No major rearrangements/deletions of promotor region of the dystrophin gene in cases of dilated cardiomyopathy in Dobermans and Irish terrier myopathy
[[Category:Muscles - Developmental Pathology]]
[[Category:Muscles - Developmental Pathology]]