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| − | <ncl style=compact maxdepth=2 headings=bullet headstart=2 showcats=1 showarts=1>Category:{{PAGENAME}}</ncl>
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| | + | |pagetitle =Spirochaetaceae |
| | + | |pagebody =''Spirochaetaceae'' is a family of [[:Category:Spirochaetes|''spirochaetes'']]. It includes ''Borrelia'', ''Brachyspira'' and ''Serpulina''. Spirochaetes can be differentiated by their pattern of haemolysis on blood agar as well as molecular techniques. |
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| | + | <categorytree mode=pages>Spirochaetaceae</categorytree> |
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| − | ===''[[Borrelia]]''===
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| − | | + | [[Category:Spirochaetes]] |
| − | ===''Brachyspira'' and ''Serpulina''===
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| − | *Anaerobic, intestinal spirochaetes, found in normal and diseased pigs
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| − | *Enterophogens of pigs
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| − | *''B. hyodysenteriae, B. pilosicoli, B. innocens, Serpulina intermedia'' and ''S. murdochii'' occur in pigs
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| − | *Carrier pigs shed ''B. hyodysenteriae'' for up to 3 months, acting as a source of infection for healthy pigs
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| − | *Demonstrated in stained faecal smears or silver-stained histopathology sections
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| − | *Cultured anaerobically on selective blood agar
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| − | *Spirochaetes differentiated by pattern of haemolysis on blood agar as well as molecular techniques
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| − | *Pathogenesis
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| − | **Motility in mucous allows colonisation of pig intestine
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| − | **Haemolytic and cytotoxic activiity important for virulence
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| − | **Attachment of ''B. pilosicoli'' to epithelial cells of colonic mucosa disrupts their function and leads to their shedding and oedema
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| − | *Clinical infections
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| − | **''B. hyodysenteriae'' causes [[Intestines Fibrinous/Haemorrhagic Enteritis - Pathology#Swine Dysentery|swine dysentery]]
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| − | **''B. pilosicoli'' causes porcine intestinal spirochaetosis
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| − | **Infection is acquired via contaminated faeces
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| − | **Disease spreads slowly through the herd
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| − | **Dogs, rats, mice and flies may act as transport hosts
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| − | **''B. hyodysenteriae'' survives several weeks in moist faeces
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| − | *Clinical signs
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| − | **''B. hyodysenteriae'' causes dysentry in weaned pigs 6-12 weeks old; pigs lose condition and become emaciated; appetite is decreased; large amount of mucous may be present in the faeces; low mortality; poor feed conversion ratio
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| − | **''B. pilosicoli'' causes less severe signs than swine dysentry; reduced feed conversion rates occur
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| − | *Diagnosis
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| − | **History, clinical signs and gross pathology
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| − | **Anaerobic culture on blood agar with added antibiotics for at least 3 days
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| − | **''B. hyodysenteriae'' causes complete haemolysis whereas other spirochaetes cause partial haemolysis
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| − | **Immunofluorescence, DNA probes and biochemical tests
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| − | **Serology using ELISA can be used on a herd basis
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| − | **PCR
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| − | [[Brachyspira hyodysenteriae]][[Category:Spirochaetes]]
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