Difference between revisions of "Feline Eosinophilic Granuloma"
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Also known as: '''''Rodent ulcer — Eosinophilic ulcer — Eosinophilic plaques — Eosinophilic granuloma''''' | Also known as: '''''Rodent ulcer — Eosinophilic ulcer — Eosinophilic plaques — Eosinophilic granuloma''''' | ||
| − | == | + | == Description == |
Feline eosinophilic granuloma complex includes three types of lesions: | Feline eosinophilic granuloma complex includes three types of lesions: | ||
| − | #Eosinophilic | + | #Eosinophilic '''ulcer''' which present as a well circumscribed, erythematous ulcer on the lip or oral mucosa of middle-aged cats |
#Eosinophilic '''plaques''' which present as raised erythematous lesions on the skin of the medial thighs and abdomen | #Eosinophilic '''plaques''' which present as raised erythematous lesions on the skin of the medial thighs and abdomen | ||
| − | #Eosinophilic | + | #Eosinophilic '''granuloma''' which present on the posterior aspect of the rear legs of young cats and also found on the [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]], [[Hard Palate|hard palate]] and oral mucosa. |
Eosinophilic granulomas of the '''oral cavity''' appear as '''yellow/pink raised linear lesions'''. They can also occur on the soft palate, or the base of the tongue. Cats with eosinophilic lesions of the mouth often have concurrent skin lesions. | Eosinophilic granulomas of the '''oral cavity''' appear as '''yellow/pink raised linear lesions'''. They can also occur on the soft palate, or the base of the tongue. Cats with eosinophilic lesions of the mouth often have concurrent skin lesions. | ||
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== Signalment == | == Signalment == | ||
| − | More commonly found in young cats (2-6 years) and also more common in females than males | + | More commonly found in young cats (2-6 years) and also more common in females than males. |
== Clinical Signs == | == Clinical Signs == | ||
| − | Depending on site of lesion can include dysphagia, halitosis and anorexia | + | Depending on site of lesion can include dysphagia, halitosis and anorexia. |
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
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| − | + | An ulcerated mass may be found at the base of the tongue or on the hard palate, the glossopalatine arches or anywhere else in the mouth as described above. On laboratory tests, a peripheral blood [[Eosinophilia|eosinophilia]] may be present. | |
A deep biopsy specimen of the mass is required for a definitive diagnosis. | A deep biopsy specimen of the mass is required for a definitive diagnosis. | ||
== Pathology == | == Pathology == | ||
| + | Histology reveals an eosinophilic tissue infiltrate and polymorphs are present. There is also an exaggerated eosinophilic response. | ||
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Grossly, there are raised plaques, erythematous, pruritic, erosed or ulcerated areas. | Grossly, there are raised plaques, erythematous, pruritic, erosed or ulcerated areas. | ||
Microscopically, acanthosis, spongiosis, erosions or ulceration, predominantly eosinophilic dermatitis, possibly areas of collagen degeneration can all be found. | Microscopically, acanthosis, spongiosis, erosions or ulceration, predominantly eosinophilic dermatitis, possibly areas of collagen degeneration can all be found. | ||
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== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
| − | Initial medical treatment is to control any ectoparasites. Secondly a diet trial and | + | Initial medical treatment is to control any ectoparasites. Secondly a diet trial and skin testing may be carried out to rule out food allergy and atopy. If there is evidence of a bacterial infection [[Antibiotics|antibiotics]] are necessary. |
If the patient is refractory to the above [[Steroids|Corticosteroid]] should be administered. Treatment should be tapered gradually once a response is seen then discontinued once signs have completely disappeared. | If the patient is refractory to the above [[Steroids|Corticosteroid]] should be administered. Treatment should be tapered gradually once a response is seen then discontinued once signs have completely disappeared. | ||
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== Prognosis == | == Prognosis == | ||
| − | Good | + | Good but the lesion can recur. |
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| + | == Literature Search == | ||
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| + | [[Image:CABI logo.jpg|left|90px]] | ||
| − | + | <br> Use these links to find recent scientific publications via CAB Abstracts (log in required unless accessing from a subscribing organisation). <br><br><br> [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=%28title%3A%28%22Eosinophilic+Granuloma%22%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Rodent+ulcer%22%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Eosinophilic+ulcer%22%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Eosinophilic+plaques%22%29%29+AND+od%3A%28cats%29 Feline Eosinophilic Granuloma publications] | |
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== References == | == References == | ||
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Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine''' (Fourth Edition) Mosby Elsevier. | Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine''' (Fourth Edition) Mosby Elsevier. | ||
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{{review}} | {{review}} | ||
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[[Category:Integumentary_System_-_Pathology]] [[Category:Oral_Cavity_and_Gingiva_-_Pathology]] [[Category:Oral_Diseases_-_Cat]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Cat]] [[Category:Expert_Review - Small Animal]] [[Category:Allergic_Skin_Diseases]] | [[Category:Integumentary_System_-_Pathology]] [[Category:Oral_Cavity_and_Gingiva_-_Pathology]] [[Category:Oral_Diseases_-_Cat]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Cat]] [[Category:Expert_Review - Small Animal]] [[Category:Allergic_Skin_Diseases]] | ||
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Revision as of 21:27, 27 April 2011
Also known as: Rodent ulcer — Eosinophilic ulcer — Eosinophilic plaques — Eosinophilic granuloma
Description
Feline eosinophilic granuloma complex includes three types of lesions:
- Eosinophilic ulcer which present as a well circumscribed, erythematous ulcer on the lip or oral mucosa of middle-aged cats
- Eosinophilic plaques which present as raised erythematous lesions on the skin of the medial thighs and abdomen
- Eosinophilic granuloma which present on the posterior aspect of the rear legs of young cats and also found on the tongue, hard palate and oral mucosa.
Eosinophilic granulomas of the oral cavity appear as yellow/pink raised linear lesions. They can also occur on the soft palate, or the base of the tongue. Cats with eosinophilic lesions of the mouth often have concurrent skin lesions.
The cause of feline eosinophilic granuloma is unknown but it has been associated with food and insect bite allergies (hypersensitivity), atopy, immunosuppression, bacterial and viral infections.
Signalment
More commonly found in young cats (2-6 years) and also more common in females than males.
Clinical Signs
Depending on site of lesion can include dysphagia, halitosis and anorexia.
Diagnosis
An ulcerated mass may be found at the base of the tongue or on the hard palate, the glossopalatine arches or anywhere else in the mouth as described above. On laboratory tests, a peripheral blood eosinophilia may be present.
A deep biopsy specimen of the mass is required for a definitive diagnosis.
Pathology
Histology reveals an eosinophilic tissue infiltrate and polymorphs are present. There is also an exaggerated eosinophilic response.
Grossly, there are raised plaques, erythematous, pruritic, erosed or ulcerated areas.
Microscopically, acanthosis, spongiosis, erosions or ulceration, predominantly eosinophilic dermatitis, possibly areas of collagen degeneration can all be found.
Treatment
Initial medical treatment is to control any ectoparasites. Secondly a diet trial and skin testing may be carried out to rule out food allergy and atopy. If there is evidence of a bacterial infection antibiotics are necessary.
If the patient is refractory to the above Corticosteroid should be administered. Treatment should be tapered gradually once a response is seen then discontinued once signs have completely disappeared.
Chlorambucil may also be useful in resistant cases.
Surgical excision is required for large lesions that interfere with breathing or swallowing.
Prognosis
Good but the lesion can recur.
Literature Search
Use these links to find recent scientific publications via CAB Abstracts (log in required unless accessing from a subscribing organisation).
Feline Eosinophilic Granuloma publications
References
Tutt, C., Deeprose, J. and Crossley, D. (2007) BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Dentistry(3rd Edition) BSAVA
Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition) Mosby Elsevier.
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