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| | {{Taxobox | | {{Taxobox |
| | |name = ''Mycoplasma hyorhinis'' | | |name = ''Mycoplasma hyorhinis'' |
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| | |genus = [[:Category:Mycoplasmas|Mycoplasma]] | | |genus = [[:Category:Mycoplasmas|Mycoplasma]] |
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| − | Also Known As: ''''' Mycoplasma arthritis — Mycoplasma septicaemia — Mycoplasmal Polyserositis'''''
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| − | ==Introduction==
| + | ''M. hyosynovia'' and ''M. hyorhinis'' are species of ''[[Mycoplasmas species - Overview|Mycoplasmas]]''. They produce syndromes similar to [[Haemophilus parasuis|Glasser's disease]] with milder expression, rarely menigitis and arthritis. |
| − | ''Mycoplasma hyorhinis'' is a common [[Bacteria |bacterial]] '''commensal''' of pig’s respiratory tracts and an occasional cause of '''polyarthritis and polyserositis''' in young pigs. | + | |
| − | | + | ''M. hyorhinis'' causes a chronic progressive polyserositis in pigs under 10 weeks old resulting in a fever, laboured breathing, lameness and swollen joints. Serofibrinous pleurisy, pericarditis and [[Peritonitis#In pigs|peritonitis]] occur. |
| − | ''M. hyorhinis'' is commonly associated with other pathogens, exacerbating and facilitating disease, especially ''[[Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae]]'', the principal cause of [[Enzootic Pneumonia - Pigs]], ''[[Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae]]'' and ''[[Arcanobacterium pyogenes]]''. | + | Treatment includes tylosin and lincomycin. |
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| − | ''M. hyorhinis'' is also implicated in many severe cases of [[Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome]]. | |
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| − | ==Pathogenesis==
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| − | Clinical Disease is most common in '''young pigs under 10 weeks old'''.
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| − | Antigens persist in the tissues, especially the joints, long after infection has resolved, stimulating '''auto-immune mechanisms''' which further damage the joints, causing damage which may be permanent.
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| − | ==Clinical signs==
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| − | The main presentation is as a chronic '''progressive polyserositis''' in pigs under 10 weeks old. '''Lameness and swollen joints''' are common and congenital arthrogryposis may be seen in young stock.
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| − | Fever usually accompanies clinical signs and animals often have a rough, dull, staring hair coat. '''Laboured breathing and tachycardia''' are non-specific cardiorespiratory signs.
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| − | '''Aural discharge''' with a foul odour represents otitis and may result in deafness. Otitis media may cause a head tilt and vestibular signs.
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| − | Dysphagia and vomiting/regurgitation are less common but significant. Other neurological and ocular signs may be also present .
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| − | '''Serofibrinous pleurisy, pericarditis and peritonitis''' are pathological features of ''M. hyorhinis''.
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| − | ==Diagnosis==
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| − | '''Joint fluid, synovial membranes and samples from the pleura, pericardium and peritoneum''' can be used for '''culture''' of ''M. hyorhinis''.
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| − | [[FAT|Immunofluorescent Antibody Testing ]]'''(IFAT)''' is also possible. [[Complement Fixation]] and [[Haemagglutination]] can be performed for serological diagnosis but are not widely available. | |
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| − | Antibodies can be detected in serum and synovial fluid, but not until 6 weeks post-infection.
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| − | ==Treatment==
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| − | A variety of antibiotics are effective, including '''tetracycline, tiamulin, enrofloxacin, tylosin and lincomycin.'''
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| − | {{Learning
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| − | |flashcards = [[Mycoplasma hyorhinis Flashcards|''Mycoplasma hyorhinis'' Flashcards]]
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| − | ==References==
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| − | <references/>
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| − | {{CABI source
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| − | |datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=74547&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 ''Mycoplasma hyorhinis'' infections]
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| − | |date =15 June 2011
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| − | <br><br><br>
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| − | {{review}}
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| | [[Category:Mycoplasmas]] | | [[Category:Mycoplasmas]] |
| − | [[Category:Pig Bacteria]][[Category:Musculoskeletal Diseases - Pig]] | + | [[Category:To Do - CABI]] |
| − | [[Category:CABI Expert Review]][[Category:CABI AHPC Pages]]
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