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{{QuizCat|topic=Pathology|topicsubcategory=M|system=MSK|systemsubcategory=M}}

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<WikiQuiz

<WikiQuiz

questionnumber="1"

questionnumber="1"

choice1="Cleft in paw extending to metacarpus of dogs and cats"

choice1="Cleft in paw extending to metacarpus of dogs and cats"

correctchoice="4"

correctchoice="4"

feedback4="'''Correct!''' Hemimelia is the absence of one of the limb bones. [[Bones Developmental - Pathology |WikiVet Article: developmental]]"

feedback4="'''Correct!''' Hemimelia is the absence of one of the limb bones. [[:Category:Bones - Developmental Pathology |WikiVet Article: developmental]]"

feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' Fusion of digits is called syndactylia. The correct answer is that hemimelia is the absence of one of the limb bones. [[Bones Developmental - Pathology|WikiVet Article: developmental]]"

feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' Fusion of digits is called syndactylia. The correct answer is that hemimelia is the absence of one of the limb bones. [[:Category:Bones - Developmental Pathology|WikiVet Article: developmental]]"

feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' Polydactylia is an increased number of digits. The correct answer is that hemimelia is the absence of one of the limb bones. [[Bones Developmental - Pathology|WikiVet Article: developmental]]"

feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' Polydactylia is an increased number of digits. The correct answer is that hemimelia is the absence of one of the limb bones. [[:Category:Bones - Developmental Pathology|WikiVet Article: developmental]]"

feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' Lateral deviation of the distal portion of the limb is described as a valgus angular limb deformity. The correct answer is that hemimelia is the absence of one of the limb bones. [[Bones Developmental - Pathology|WikiVet Article: developmental]]"

feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' Lateral deviation of the distal portion of the limb is described as a valgus angular limb deformity. The correct answer is that hemimelia is the absence of one of the limb bones. [[:Category:Bones - Developmental Pathology|WikiVet Article: developmental]]"

feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' Ectrodactylia is a cleft in the paw extending to metacarpus of dogs and cats. The correct answer is that hemimelia is the absence of one of the limb bones. [[Bones Developmental - Pathology|WikiVet Article: Developmental]]"

feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' Ectrodactylia is a cleft in the paw extending to metacarpus of dogs and cats. The correct answer is that hemimelia is the absence of one of the limb bones. [[:Category:Bones - Developmental Pathology|WikiVet Article: Developmental]]"

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choice5="Osteomyelitis"

choice5="Osteomyelitis"

correctchoice="4"

correctchoice="4"

feedback4="'''Correct!''' This condition is seen associated with low calcium / high phosphate diets. Although nutritional inbalances are the most common cause of rubber jaw, it can also occur with renal secondary hyperparathyroidism. [[Bones Metabolic - Pathology#Hyperparathyroidism|WikiVet Article: Hyperparathyroidism]]"

feedback4="'''Correct!''' This condition is seen associated with low calcium / high phosphate diets. Although nutritional inbalances are the most common cause of rubber jaw, it can also occur with renal secondary hyperparathyroidism. [[Hyperparathyroidism|WikiVet Article: Hyperparathyroidism]]"

feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' Here there is a loss of bone quality but the bone is normally mineralised, although pathological fractures may occur. The correct answer is secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism which is associated with low calcium / high phosphate diets. Although nutritional inbalances are the most common cause of rubber jaw, it can also occur with renal secondary hyperparathyroidism. [[Bones Metabolic - Pathology#HyperparathyroidismBones Degenerative - Pathology#Osteoporosis .28Atrophy.29|WikiVet Article: Hyperparathyroidism, Osteoporosis]]."

feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' Here there is a loss of bone quality but the bone is normally mineralised, although pathological fractures may occur. The correct answer is secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism which is associated with low calcium / high phosphate diets. Although nutritional inbalances are the most common cause of rubber jaw, it can also occur with renal secondary hyperparathyroidism. [[Hyperparathyroidism|WikiVet Article: Hyperparathyroidism]], [[Osteoporosis|WikiVet Article: Osteoporosis]]."

feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' This condition is due to diets low in phosphorus or vitamin D, there is thickening of the physis and flaring of the metaphysis. The correct answer is secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism which is associated with low calcium / high phosphate diets. Although nutritional inbalances are the most common cause of rubber jaw, it can also occur with renal secondary hyperparathyroidism. [[Bones Metabolic - Pathology#HyperparathyroidismBones Metabolic - Pathology#Osteomalacia|WikiVet Article: Hyperparathyroidism, Osteomalacia]]."

feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' This condition is due to diets low in phosphorus or vitamin D, there is thickening of the physis and flaring of the metaphysis. The correct answer is secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism which is associated with low calcium / high phosphate diets. Although nutritional inbalances are the most common cause of rubber jaw, it can also occur with renal secondary hyperparathyroidism. [[Hyperparathyroidism|WikiVet Article: Hyperparathyroidism]], [[Osteomalacia]]."

feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' Here there is bone proliferation, it is classically seen in cats on liver diets. The correct answer is secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism which is associated with low calcium / high phosphate diets.Although nutritional inbalances are the most common cause of rubber jaw, it can also occur with renal secondary hyperparathyroidism. [[Bones Metabolic - Pathology#HyperparathyroidismBones Metabolic - Pathology#Hypervitaminosis A|WikiVet Article: Hyperparathyroidism, Hypervitaminosis A]]."

feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' Here there is bone proliferation, it is classically seen in cats on liver diets. The correct answer is secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism which is associated with low calcium / high phosphate diets.Although nutritional inbalances are the most common cause of rubber jaw, it can also occur with renal secondary hyperparathyroidism. [[Hyperparathyroidism|WikiVet Article: Hyperparathyroidism]], [[Hypervitaminosis A]]."

feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' Osteomylitis is inflammation of the medullary cavity. Spread of infection and pathological fractures are likely consequences. The correct answer is secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism which is associated with low calcium / high phosphate diets. Although nutritional inbalances are the most common cause of rubber jaw, it can also occur with renal secondary hyperparathyroidism. [[Bones Metabolic - Pathology#HyperparathyroidismOsteomyelitis|WikiVet Article: Hyperparathyroidism, Osteomyelitis]]."

feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' Osteomylitis is inflammation of the medullary cavity. Spread of infection and pathological fractures are likely consequences. The correct answer is secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism which is associated with low calcium / high phosphate diets. Although nutritional inbalances are the most common cause of rubber jaw, it can also occur with renal secondary hyperparathyroidism. [[Hyperparathyroidism|WikiVet Article: Hyperparathyroidism]], [[Osteomyelitis]]."

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choice1="Ossifying fibroma"

choice1="Ossifying fibroma"

correctchoice="2"

correctchoice="2"

feedback2="Correct. Osteosarcoma (OSA) is any malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin in which the cells produce osteoid. They typically arise in the medullary cavity and account for 80% of skeletal neoplasia in dogs and cats. [[Bones Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology#Neoplastic|WikiVet Article: neoplasia ]]"

feedback2="Correct. Osteosarcoma (OSA) is any malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin in which the cells produce osteoid. They typically arise in the medullary cavity and account for 80% of skeletal neoplasia in dogs and cats. [[:Category:Bones - Neoplastic Pathology|WikiVet Article: bone neoplasia ]]"

feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' Chondrosarcoma is any malignant neoplasm in which mesenchymal cells produce chondroid matrix. It involves development of bone via metaplasia or endochondral ossification, most commonly seen in old dogs and sheep. It accounts for 10% of all skeletal neoplasia in dogs and cats. The correct answer is osteosarcoma (OSA), any malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin in which the cells produce osteoid. They typically arise in the medullary cavity and account for 80% of skeletal neoplasia in dogs and cats. [[Bones Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology#Neoplastic|WikiVet Article: neoplasia ]]"

feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' Chondrosarcoma is any malignant neoplasm in which mesenchymal cells produce chondroid matrix. It involves development of bone via metaplasia or endochondral ossification, most commonly seen in old dogs and sheep. It accounts for 10% of all skeletal neoplasia in dogs and cats. The correct answer is osteosarcoma (OSA), any malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin in which the cells produce osteoid. They typically arise in the medullary cavity and account for 80% of skeletal neoplasia in dogs and cats. [[:Category:Bones - Neoplastic Pathology|WikiVet Article: bone neoplasia ]]"

feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' Fibrosarcoma forms from connective tissue of the medullary cavity or periosteum. It along with haemangiosarcoma accounts for 7% of all skeletal neoplasia of cats and dogs. The correct answer is osteosarcoma (OSA), any malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin in which the cells produce osteoid. They typically arise in the medullary cavity and account for 80% of skeletal neoplasia in dogs and cats. [[Bones Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology#Neoplastic|WikiVet Article: neoplasia ]]"

feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' Fibrosarcoma forms from connective tissue of the medullary cavity or periosteum. It along with haemangiosarcoma accounts for 7% of all skeletal neoplasia of cats and dogs. The correct answer is osteosarcoma (OSA), any malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin in which the cells produce osteoid. They typically arise in the medullary cavity and account for 80% of skeletal neoplasia in dogs and cats. [[:Category:Bones - Neoplastic Pathology|WikiVet Article: bone neoplasia ]]"

feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' Haemangiosarcoma does not directly affect the bone, but it can metastasise to skeletal muscle from other sites. It along with fibrosarcoma accounts for 7% of all skeletal neoplasia of cats and dogs. The correct answer is osteosarcoma (OSA), any malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin in which the cells produce osteoid. They typically arise in the medullary cavity and account for 80% of skeletal neoplasia in dogs and cats. [[Bones Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology#Neoplastic|WikiVet Article: neoplasia ]]"

feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' Haemangiosarcoma does not directly affect the bone, but it can metastasise to skeletal muscle from other sites. It along with fibrosarcoma accounts for 7% of all skeletal neoplasia of cats and dogs. The correct answer is osteosarcoma (OSA), any malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin in which the cells produce osteoid. They typically arise in the medullary cavity and account for 80% of skeletal neoplasia in dogs and cats. [[:Category:Bones - Neoplastic Pathology|WikiVet Article: bone neoplasia ]]"

feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' Ossifying fibroma is a rare benign neoplasia affecting the heads of horses and cattle. Grossly seen as a sharply demarcated expansive mass which distorts normal bone contour. The correct answer is osteosarcoma (OSA), any malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin in which the cells produce osteoid. They typically arise in the medullary cavity and account for 80% of skeletal neoplasia in dogs and cats. [[Bones Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology#Neoplastic|WikiVet Article: neoplasia ]]"

feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' Ossifying fibroma is a rare benign neoplasia affecting the heads of horses and cattle. Grossly seen as a sharply demarcated expansive mass which distorts normal bone contour. The correct answer is osteosarcoma (OSA), any malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin in which the cells produce osteoid. They typically arise in the medullary cavity and account for 80% of skeletal neoplasia in dogs and cats. [[:Category:Bones - Neoplastic Pathology|WikiVet Article: bone neoplasia ]]"

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choice3="Diaphyseal dysplasia"

choice3="Diaphyseal dysplasia"

correctchoice="1"

correctchoice="1"

feedback1="'''Correct!''' Disproportionate dwarfism is due to defective cartilage growth at the physis. In dogs a localised form occurs e.g. affecting skulls of Pekingese and Bulldogs or the limbs of Dachshunds and Bassett hounds. [[Bones Developmental - Pathology|WikiVet Article: Developmental abnormalities ]]"

feedback1="'''Correct!''' Disproportionate dwarfism is due to defective cartilage growth at the physis. In dogs a localised form occurs e.g. affecting skulls of Pekingese and Bulldogs or the limbs of Dachshunds and Bassett hounds. [[Chondrodysplasia|WikiVet Article: Developmental abnormalities ]]"

feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' Osteopetrosis or marble bone disease occurs in sheep, dogs, cattle, horses. It is a failure of resorption by osteoclasts leading to a failure of remodelling of cancellous bone and so the bone becomes thickened and dense but brittle. The correct answer is disproportionate dwarfism, it is due to defective cartilage growth at the physis. In dogs a localised form occurs e.g. affecting skulls of Pekingese and Bulldogs or the limbs of Dachshunds and Bassett hounds. [[Bones Developmental - Pathology|WikiVet Article: Developmental abnormalities ]]"

feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' Osteopetrosis or marble bone disease occurs in sheep, dogs, cattle, horses. It is a failure of resorption by osteoclasts leading to a failure of remodelling of cancellous bone and so the bone becomes thickened and dense but brittle. The correct answer is disproportionate dwarfism, it is due to defective cartilage growth at the physis. In dogs a localised form occurs e.g. affecting skulls of Pekingese and Bulldogs or the limbs of Dachshunds and Bassett hounds. [[Chondrodysplasia|WikiVet Article: Developmental abnormalities ]]"

feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' Cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy or 'wobblers' is a conditon seen primarily in equine practice. It is a narrowing of the vertebral canal due to malarticulation or maldevelopment of the vertebrae. Most common in fast growing male thoroughbreds ranging from 8 months to 4 years presenting as hind limb ataxia due to cord compression. It is seen in dogs, and may be inherited in borzois and basset hounds and probably dobermans and great danes. The correct answer is disproportionate dwarfism, it is due to defective cartilage growth at the physis. In dogs a localised form occurs e.g. affecting skulls of Pekingese and Bulldogs or the limbs of Dachshunds and Bassett hounds. [[Bones Developmental - Pathologyhttp://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/100416.htm&word=Cervical%2cvertebral%2cstenotic%2cmyelopathy|WikiVet Article: Developmental abnormalities Link to Merck: Small animal myelopathies]]"

feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' Cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy or 'wobblers' is a conditon seen primarily in equine practice. It is a narrowing of the vertebral canal due to malarticulation or maldevelopment of the vertebrae. Most common in fast growing male thoroughbreds ranging from 8 months to 4 years presenting as hind limb ataxia due to cord compression. It is seen in dogs, and may be inherited in borzois and basset hounds and probably dobermans and great danes. The correct answer is disproportionate dwarfism, it is due to defective cartilage growth at the physis. In dogs a localised form occurs e.g. affecting skulls of Pekingese and Bulldogs or the limbs of Dachshunds and Bassett hounds. [[Chondrodysplasia|WikiVet Article: Developmental abnormalities Link to Merck: Small animal myelopathies]]"

feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' Angular limb deformity either, lateral deviation of distal portion of limb (valgus) or medial deviation of distal portion of limb (varus), is most commonly seen in foals. It may be congenital or acquired due to malpositioning in utero, excessive joint laxity, trauma or overnutrition, but there are other causes. The correct answer is disproportionate dwarfism, it is due to defective cartilage growth at the physis. In dogs a localised form occurs e.g. affecting skulls of Pekingese and Bulldogs or the limbs of Dachshunds and Bassett hounds. [[Bones Developmental - Pathology|WikiVet Article: Developmental abnormalities ]]"

feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' Angular limb deformity either, lateral deviation of distal portion of limb (valgus) or medial deviation of distal portion of limb (varus), is most commonly seen in foals. It may be congenital or acquired due to malpositioning in utero, excessive joint laxity, trauma or overnutrition, but there are other causes. The correct answer is disproportionate dwarfism, it is due to defective cartilage growth at the physis. In dogs a localised form occurs e.g. affecting skulls of Pekingese and Bulldogs or the limbs of Dachshunds and Bassett hounds. [[Chondrodysplasia|WikiVet Article: Developmental abnormalities ]]"

feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' Congenital hyperostosis is a rare, genetic condition of pigs, presenting as diaphyseal dysplasia. There is excessive periosteal intramembranous bone, particularly in long bones, seen clinically as greatly thickened long bones and tense, shiny skin which is closely adherent to tissues below. Affected animals are born dead or die soon after birth. The correct answer is disproportionate dwarfism, it is due to defective cartilage growth at the physis. In dogs a localised form occurs e.g. affecting skulls of Pekingese and Bulldogs or the limbs of Dachshunds and Bassett hounds. [[Bones Developmental - Pathology |WikiVet Article: Developmental abnormalities ]]"

feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' Congenital hyperostosis is a rare, genetic condition of pigs, presenting as diaphyseal dysplasia. There is excessive periosteal intramembranous bone, particularly in long bones, seen clinically as greatly thickened long bones and tense, shiny skin which is closely adherent to tissues below. Affected animals are born dead or die soon after birth. The correct answer is disproportionate dwarfism, it is due to defective cartilage growth at the physis. In dogs a localised form occurs e.g. affecting skulls of Pekingese and Bulldogs or the limbs of Dachshunds and Bassett hounds. [[Chondrodysplasia|WikiVet Article: Developmental abnormalities ]]"

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choice5="Ectopic mineralisation"

choice5="Ectopic mineralisation"

correctchoice="3"

correctchoice="3"

feedback3="'''Correct!''' Hypertrophic osteodystrophy occurs in young (usually 3-6 months old), fast growing dogs of large or giant breeds. The distal radius and ulna are most severely affected, the clinical signs observed are fever, anorexia and severe lameness. [[Bones Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology#Ossifying fibroma|WikiVet Article: hyperplastic bone disease ]]"

feedback3="'''Correct!''' Hypertrophic osteodystrophy occurs in young (usually 3-6 months old), fast growing dogs of large or giant breeds. The distal radius and ulna are most severely affected, the clinical signs observed are fever, anorexia and severe lameness. [[:Category:Bones - Hyperplastic Pathology|WikiVet Article: hyperplastic bone disease ]]"

feedback2="In'''Correct!''' Hypertrophic osteopathy also called hypertrophic pulmonary osteopathy occurs in all species and it is associated with chronic lesions usually in the thorax. It is seen grossly as periosteal proliferation of bone on diaphyses of distal limbs. It is progressive and bilateral. The correct answer is hypertrophic osteodystrophy, which occurs in young (usually 3-6 months old), fast growing dogs of large or giant breeds. The distal radius and ulna are most severely affected, the clinical signs observed are fever, anorexia and severe lameness. [[Bones Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology#Ossifying fibroma|WikiVet Article: hyperplastic bone disease ]]"

feedback2="In'''Correct!''' Hypertrophic osteopathy also called hypertrophic pulmonary osteopathy occurs in all species and it is associated with chronic lesions usually in the thorax. It is seen grossly as periosteal proliferation of bone on diaphyses of distal limbs. It is progressive and bilateral. The correct answer is hypertrophic osteodystrophy, which occurs in young (usually 3-6 months old), fast growing dogs of large or giant breeds. The distal radius and ulna are most severely affected, the clinical signs observed are fever, anorexia and severe lameness. [[:Category:Bones - Hyperplastic Pathology|WikiVet Article: hyperplastic bone disease ]]"

feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' Craniomandibular osteopathy is seen mainly in West Highland White Terriers and Scottish Terriers 4-8 months of age. It is seen grossly as bilaterally symmetrical proliferative changes in the mandible, occipital and temporal bones, including the tympanic bullae. The correct answer is hypertrophic osteodystrophy, which occurs in young (usually 3-6 months old), fast growing dogs of large or giant breeds. The distal radius and ulna are most severely affected, the clinical signs observed are fever, anorexia and severe lameness. [[Bones Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology#Ossifying fibroma|WikiVet Article: hyperplastic bone disease]]"

feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' Craniomandibular osteopathy is seen mainly in West Highland White Terriers and Scottish Terriers 4-8 months of age. It is seen grossly as bilaterally symmetrical proliferative changes in the mandible, occipital and temporal bones, including the tympanic bullae. The correct answer is hypertrophic osteodystrophy, which occurs in young (usually 3-6 months old), fast growing dogs of large or giant breeds. The distal radius and ulna are most severely affected, the clinical signs observed are fever, anorexia and severe lameness. [[:Category:Bones - Hyperplastic Pathology|WikiVet Article: hyperplastic bone disease ]]"

feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' Fibrous dysplasia is a rare condition seen in young horses, dogs and cats. Grossly it is seen as an expansive firm fibro-osseous mass lesion in the metaphyses.The correct answer is hypertrophic osteodystrophy, which occurs in young (usually 3-6 months old), fast growing dogs of large or giant breeds. The distal radius and ulna are most severely affected, the clinical signs observed are fever, anorexia and severe lameness. [[Bones Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology#Ossifying fibroma|WikiVet Article: hyperplastic bone disease ]]"

feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' Fibrous dysplasia is a rare condition seen in young horses, dogs and cats. Grossly it is seen as an expansive firm fibro-osseous mass lesion in the metaphyses.The correct answer is hypertrophic osteodystrophy, which occurs in young (usually 3-6 months old), fast growing dogs of large or giant breeds. The distal radius and ulna are most severely affected, the clinical signs observed are fever, anorexia and severe lameness. [[:Category:Bones - Hyperplastic Pathology|WikiVet Article: hyperplastic bone disease ]]"

feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' Ectopic mineralisation, also called heterotopic mineralisation (calcification) is a deposition of calcium phosphate, silicate and other substances in unusual locations.The correct answer is hypertrophic osteodystrophy, which occurs in young (usually 3-6 months old), fast growing dogs of large or giant breeds. The distal radius and ulna are most severely affected, the clinical signs observed are fever, anorexia and severe lameness. [[Bones Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology#Ossifying fibroma|WikiVet Article: hyperplastic bone disease]]"

feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' Ectopic mineralisation, also called heterotopic mineralisation (calcification) is a deposition of calcium phosphate, silicate and other substances in unusual locations.The correct answer is hypertrophic osteodystrophy, which occurs in young (usually 3-6 months old), fast growing dogs of large or giant breeds. The distal radius and ulna are most severely affected, the clinical signs observed are fever, anorexia and severe lameness. [[:Category:Bones - Hyperplastic Pathology|WikiVet Article: hyperplastic bone disease ]]"

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