Changes

==Introduction==

 

=Immune Tolerance=

Immunological tolerance occurs when there is unresponsiveness towards particular antigens, so any further immune responses are prevented or suppressed. Tolerance is required to prevent:

Immunological tolerance occurs when there is unresponsiveness towards particular antigens, so any further immune responses are prevented or suppressed. Tolerance is required to prevent:

* Potentially harmful inflammatory responses towards innocuous substances, such as air-borne or food molecules

* Potentially harmful inflammatory responses towards innocuous substances, such as air-borne or food molecules

===Other mucosal surfaces===

===Other mucosal surfaces===

*Nasal deposition of some peptides can be used to induce tolerance, controlling both [[Humoral Factors of Innate Immune System|humoral]] and cellular responses

*Nasal deposition of some peptides can be used to induce tolerance, controlling both [[Humoral Factors of Innate Immune System|humoral]] and cellular responses

*Administration of antigen in aerosol form to the lung has been used to control both allergic and [[Autoimmune Diseases - Introduction#Autoimmune diseases|autoimmune]] responses

*Administration of antigen in aerosol form to the lung has been used to control both [[:Category:Allergic Respiratory Diseases|allergic]] and [[Autoimmune Diseases - Introduction#Autoimmune diseases|autoimmune]] responses

==Regulatory T Cells==

==Regulatory T Cells==

Regulatory T cells are unique in their use of a transcription repressor known as FoxP3 which is encoded by a gene on the X chromosome; rare deficiencies in FoxP3 are characterised by autoimmunity, primarily towards gut tissue, the thyroid, pancreative beta-cells and the skin. Sufferers are unable to produce regulatory T cells and the only known treatment is a bone marrow transplant from a MHC-identical sibling.

Regulatory T cells are unique in their use of a transcription repressor known as FoxP3 which is encoded by a gene on the X chromosome; rare deficiencies in FoxP3 are characterised by autoimmunity, primarily towards gut tissue, the thyroid, pancreative beta-cells and the skin. Sufferers are unable to produce regulatory T cells and the only known treatment is a bone marrow transplant from a MHC-identical sibling.

==Test yourself with the Immunology Flashcards==

[[Immune tolerance flashcards - Wikiblood|Immune tolerance flashcards]]

|flashcards = [[Immune Tolerance Flashcards|Immune tolerance flashcards]]

|literature search =[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title:(%22immune+tolerance%22)+OR+title:(%22t+cell+tolerance%22)+OR+title:(%22mucosal+tolerance%22)&fq=sc:%22ve%22 Immune Tolerance publications]

[[Category:Immunology]]

[[Category:Immunology]]