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| − | {{toplink
| + | ===Actions and Tools of the Innate Immune System=== |
| − | |backcolour = f5fffa | + | <FlashCard questions="14"> |
| − | |linkpage =Innate Immune System - WikiBlood | + | |q1=True or False: The innate immune system responds quicker to infection than the adaptive immune system |
| − | |linktext =INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM | + | |a1=True |
| − | |sublink1 =Flash Cards - WikiBlood | + | |l1=Innate Immune System - Introduction |
| − | |subtext1 =WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS | + | |q2=Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are expressed by which type of cells? |
| − | |pagetype =Blood | + | |a2= |
| − | }}
| + | *Lipopolysaccharides or Gram Negative bacteria |
| | + | *Peptidoglycans of gram-positive bacteria |
| | + | *Mannose sugars |
| | + | *D-isoform amino acids |
| | + | |l2=Recognition of Microorganisms |
| | + | |q3=What recognises PAMPs? |
| | + | |a3=Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) |
| | + | |l3=Recognition of Microorganisms |
| | + | |q4=Where in the cell are Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) located? |
| | + | |a4=Cell membrane |
| | + | |l4=Recognition of Microorganisms |
| | + | |q5=Where in the cell are NOD2 receptors located? |
| | + | |a5=Cell cytoplasm |
| | + | |l5=Recognition of Microorganisms |
| | + | |q6=Which catabolic enzymes digest microbes after phagocytosis? |
| | + | |a6= |
| | + | *Glycosidases |
| | + | *Lipases |
| | + | *Proteases |
| | + | |l6=Phagocytosis |
| | + | |q7=True or False: Lysosomes do not use energy when they kill microbes |
| | + | |a7= |
| | + | *False |
| | + | *Lysosomes fuse with phagosomes, killing microbes in an energy-dependent way |
| | + | |l7=Phagocytosis |
| | + | |q8=Name two physical barriers of the innate immune system |
| | + | |a8= |
| | + | *Skin |
| | + | *Mucous membranes |
| | + | |l8=Innate Immunity Barriers |
| | + | |q9=Name 3 biochemical barriers of the innate immune system |
| | + | |a9= |
| | + | *Lactic and fatty acids |
| | + | *Enzymes |
| | + | *Mucous |
| | + | |l9=Innate Immunity Barriers |
| | + | |q10=What is the function of commensal organisms? |
| | + | |a10= |
| | + | *Produce natural antibiotics |
| | + | *Outcompete pathogens at epithelial and mucosal surfaces |
| | + | |l10=Innate Immunity Barriers |
| | + | |q11=Complete the sentence about commensal organisms: |
| | + | <p>When commensals are disturbed, infection with ??? organisms is ???</p> |
| | + | |a11= |
| | + | *opportunistic |
| | + | *increased |
| | + | |l11=Innate Immunity Barriers |
| | + | |q12=Name the three main humoral factors and their principal action |
| | + | |a12= |
| | + | *Lysozyme |
| | + | **Digests bacterial cell walls |
| | + | *Complement |
| | + | **Promotes phagocytosis or lysis of invading organisms |
| | + | *Interferons |
| | + | **Make uninfected cells resistant to infection and enhances expression of MHC molecules |
| | + | |l12=Humoral Factors of Innate Immune System |
| | + | |q13=Which granulocytes are components of the innate immune response to infection? |
| | + | |a13= |
| | + | *Neutrophils |
| | + | *Eosinophils |
| | + | *Basophils/mast cells |
| | + | |l13=Innate Immunity Cellular Responses |
| | + | |q14=Which other cells are components of the innate immune response to infection? |
| | + | |a14=Monocytes |
| | + | *Tissue mast cells |
| | + | *Macrophages |
| | + | |l14=Innate Immunity Cellular Responses |
| | + | </FlashCard> |
| | + | ===Innate Immunity to Viruses=== |
| | + | <FlashCard questions="4"> |
| | + | |q1=What is the main element of a viral attack which the innate immune system can recognise? |
| | + | |a1=Double stranded RNA (dsRNA) |
| | + | |l1=Innate Immunity to Viruses |
| | + | |q2=Where are TLR3's located in the cell and what do they recognise? |
| | + | |a2= |
| | + | *Cell surface |
| | + | *Double stranded RNA (dsRNA) |
| | + | |l2=Innate Immunity to Viruses |
| | + | |q3=What are the funtions of Type I Interferon production in response to a viral attack? |
| | + | |a3= |
| | + | *Increases mRNA degredation |
| | + | *Inhibits protein synthesis |
| | + | *Increases antigen presentation to antibody |
| | + | |l3=Innate Immunity to Viruses |
| | + | |q4=Which cells are produced as the final line of response to viral attack and which cells do they target? |
| | + | |a4= |
| | + | *Natural Killer cells (NK cells) |
| | + | *Targets cells with decreased levels of MHC on their surface |
| | + | |l4=Innate Immunity to Viruses |
| | + | </FlashCard> |
| | + | ===Innate Immunity to Bacteria=== |
| | + | <FlashCard questions="2"> |
| | + | |q1=What effects does the release of inflammatory cytokines have on the infected area? |
| | + | |a1= |
| | + | *White blood cell influx |
| | + | *Vasodilation |
| | + | *Increase in vascular permeability |
| | + | *Sustains a rise in core temperature |
| | + | *Mediates the release of acute phase proteins from the liver |
| | + | *Mediates bone marrow mobilisation |
| | + | |l1=Innate Immunity to Bacteria |
| | + | |q2=Which cell is the most important effector cell in the innate response to bacterial infection? |
| | + | |a2=Neutrophils |
| | + | |l2=Innate Immunity to Bacteria |
| | + | </FlashCard> |
| | | | |
| − | ==<font color="purple">Actions and Tools of the Innate Immune System</font>==
| + | <br><br> |
| − | {| border="3" cellpadding="8"
| + | {{Jim Bee 2007}} |
| − | !width="400"|'''Question'''
| + | [[Category:Immunology Flashcards]] |
| − | !width="400"|'''Answer'''
| + | [[Category:Innate Immune System|Z]] |
| − | !width="150"|'''Article'''
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''True or False: The innate immune system responds quicker to infection than the adaptive immune system'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''True'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are expressed by which type of cells?'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''Lipopolysaccharides or Gram Negative bacteria'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Peptidoglycans of gram-positive bacteria'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Mannose sugars'''''
| |
| − | *'''''D-isoform amino acids'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Recognition of Microorganisms|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''What recognises PAMPs?'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Recognition of Microorganisms|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''Where in the cell are Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) located?'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''Cell membrane'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Recognition of Microorganisms|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''Where in the cell are NOD2 receptors located?'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''Cell cytoplasm'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Recognition of Microorganisms|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''Which catabolic enzymes digest microbes after phagocytosis?'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''Glycosidases'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Lipases'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Proteases'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Phagocytosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''True or False: Lysosomes do not use energy when they kill microbes'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''False'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Lysosomes fuse with phagosomes, killing microbes in an energy-dependent way'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Phagocytosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''Name two physical barriers of the innate immune system'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''Skin'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Mucous membranes'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Pysical Barriers|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''Name 3 biochemical barriers of the innate immune system'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''Lactic and fatty acids'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Enzymes'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Mucous'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Biochemical Barriers|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''What is the function of commensal organisms?'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''Produce natural antibiotics'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Outcompete pathogens at epithelial and mucosal surfaces'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Commensal Organisms|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''Complete the sentence about commensal organisms'''
| |
| − | ||<big>When commensals are disturbed, infection with <font color="white">'''''opportunistic'''''</font> organisms is <font color="white">'''''increased'''''</font>
| |
| − | ||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Commensal Organisms|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''Name the three main humoral factors and their principal action'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''Lysozyme'''''
| |
| − | **'''''Digests bacterial cell walls'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Complement'''''
| |
| − | **'''''Promotes phagocytosis or lysis of invading organisms'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Interferons'''''
| |
| − | **'''''Make uninfected cells resistant to infection'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Humoral Factors|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''Which granulocytes are components of the innate immune response to infection?'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''Neutrophils'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Eosinophils'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Basophils/mast cells'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Cellular responses|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''Which other cells are components of the innate immune response to infection?'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''Monocytes'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Tissue mast cells'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Macrophages'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Cellular responses|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | <br> | |
| − | <br> | |
| − | ==<font color="purple">Innate Immunity to Viruses</font>==
| |
| − | {| border="3" cellpadding="8" | |
| − | !width="400"|'''Question'''
| |
| − | !width="400"|'''Answer'''
| |
| − | !width="150"|'''Article'''
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''What is the main element of a viral attack which the innate immune system can recognise?'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''Double stranded RNA (dsRNA)'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Viruses|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''Where are TLR3's located in the cell and what do they recognise?'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''Cell surface'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Double stranded RNA (dsRNA)'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Viruses|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''What are the funtions of Type I Interferon production in response to a viral attack?'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''Increases mRNA degredation'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Inhibits protein synthesis'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Increases antigen presentation to antibody'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Viruses|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''Which cells are produced as the final line of response to viral attack and which cells do they target?'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''Natural Killer cells (NK cells)'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Targets cells with decreased levels of MHC on their surface'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Viruses|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | <br>
| |
| − | <br>
| |
| − | ==<font color="purple">Innate Immunity to Bacteria</font>==
| |
| − | {| border="3" cellpadding="8"
| |
| − | !width="400"|'''Question'''
| |
| − | !width="400"|'''Answer'''
| |
| − | !width="150"|'''Article'''
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''What effects does the release of inflammatory cytokines have on the infected area?'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''White blood cell influx'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Vasodilation'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Increase in vascular permeability'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Sustains a rise in core temperature'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Mediates the release of acute phase proteins from the liver'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Mediates boone marrow mobilisation'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Bacteria|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''Which cell is most important in the innate response to bacterial infection?'''
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''Neutrophils'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Bacteria|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | <br>
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| − | <br>
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| − | <big><center>[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM''']]</center></big>
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| − | <big><center>[[Flash Cards - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS''']]</center></big>
| |