Difference between revisions of "Host Invasion by Microorganisms Flashcards"
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| − | + | ===Host invasion=== | |
| − | + | <FlashCard questions="1"> | |
| − | + | |q1=By what three routes can pathogens enter the body? | |
| − | + | |a1= | |
| − | | | + | *Contact |
| − | | | + | *Aerosol |
| − | | | + | *Orofecal |
| − | + | |l1=Host invasion by microorganisms | |
| − | < | + | </FlashCard> |
| − | ==< | + | ===Viruses=== |
| − | + | <FlashCard questions="8"> | |
| − | + | |q1=Naked viruses contain only...? | |
| − | + | |a1=RNA/DNA and protein coat | |
| − | + | |l1=Viral Structure | |
| − | | | + | |q2=Name three functions of viral structural proteins |
| − | | | + | |a2= |
| − | || | + | *Protection of the genome |
| − | * | + | *Attachment to host cell |
| − | * | + | *Fusion of envelope to host cell membrane |
| − | * | + | |l2=Viral Structure |
| − | || | + | |q3=Name the two main innate defenses against viral infection |
| − | + | |a3= | |
| + | *Interferon | ||
| + | *Natural killer cells | ||
| + | |l3=Immune Responses to Viral Infections | ||
| + | |q4=Upon viral infection, which antibody isotype is increased at mucosal surfaces? | ||
| + | |a4=[[IgA]] | ||
| + | |l4=Immune Responses to Viral Infections | ||
| + | |q5=What do antibodies stop free virus particles from doing? | ||
| + | |a5=Binding to host cell, entering and uncoating | ||
| + | |l5=Immune Responses to Viral Infections | ||
| + | |q6=By what mechanism is complement able to damage the virion envelope? | ||
| + | |a6=Virolysis | ||
| + | |l6=Immune Responses to Viral Infections | ||
| + | |q7=When coupled with antibodies, what mechanisms does complement aid in immune defence? | ||
| + | |a7= | ||
| + | *Blocking the virus receptor | ||
| + | *Lysis of infected cells | ||
| + | *Opsonisation of free particles or infected cells | ||
| + | |l7=Immune Responses to Viral Infections | ||
| + | |q8=What are the main cytokines CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells release to recruit macrophages? | ||
| + | |a8= | ||
| + | *IFN-γ | ||
| + | *TNF | ||
| + | |l8=Immune Responses to Viral Infections | ||
| + | </FlashCard> | ||
| + | ===Bacteria=== | ||
| + | <FlashCard questions="8"> | ||
| + | |q1=Describe three ways prokaryotic DNA differs from eukaryotic DNA | ||
| + | |a1= | ||
| + | *Few repeated sequences | ||
| + | *Most of the DNA is transcibed | ||
| + | *No intervening sequences within structural genes | ||
| + | |l1=Bacterial Structure | ||
| + | |q2=These surface components allow bacteria to move around | ||
| + | |a2=Flagella | ||
| + | |l2=Bacteria Structure | ||
| + | |q2=Bacteria with an outer layer of lipopolysaccharide are classed as... | ||
| + | |a2=Gram-negative | ||
| + | |l2=Bacterial Structure | ||
| + | |q3=Bacteria with a round shape are classed as... | ||
| + | |a3=Cocci | ||
| + | |l3=Bacterial Structure | ||
| + | |q4=Bacteria with a long shape are classed as... | ||
| + | |a4=Rods or bacilli | ||
| + | |l4=Bacterial Structure | ||
| + | |q5=What are the four rules summarising the cause and effect relationship between bacteria and infection? | ||
| + | |a5=Koch's postulates | ||
| + | |l5=Bacterial Pathogenesis | ||
| + | |q6=What is the condition, characterised by excessive cytokine production, that is caused by bacterial components such as LPS? | ||
| + | |a6=Endotoxin shock | ||
| + | |l6=Bacterial Pathogenesis | ||
| + | |q7=By what mechanism do most bacteria replicate? | ||
| + | |a7=Binary fission | ||
| + | |l7=Bacterial Replication | ||
| + | |q8=By what three mechanisms can bacteria transfer DNA? | ||
| + | |a8= | ||
| + | *Transformation | ||
| + | *Transduction | ||
| + | *Conjugation | ||
| + | |l8=Bacterial Replication | ||
| + | </FlashCard> | ||
| + | ===Parasites=== | ||
| + | <FlashCard questions="6"> | ||
| + | |q1=Do protozoa have a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell structure | ||
| + | |a1=Eukaryotic | ||
| + | |l1=:Category:Protozoa | ||
| + | |q2=What are the two main groups of helminth parasite? | ||
| + | |a2= | ||
| + | *Nematodes | ||
| + | *Platyhelminthes | ||
| + | |l2=:Category:Helminths | ||
| + | |q3=What is the main cell type that mediates the destruction of larger parasites? | ||
| + | |a3=Eosinophils | ||
| + | |l3=Immunity to Parasites | ||
| + | |q4=What T cell subtype is required to fight intracellular protozoa | ||
| + | |a4=T<sub>H</sub>1 | ||
| + | |l4=Immunity to Parasites | ||
| + | |q5=What T cell subtype is required to fight intestinal worms? | ||
| + | |a5=T<sub>H</sub>2 | ||
| + | |l5=Immunity to Parasites | ||
| + | |q6=How do antibodies defend against parasitic infection? | ||
| + | |a6= | ||
| + | *Directly damaging protozoa | ||
| + | *Activating complement | ||
| + | *Blocking attachment to host cells | ||
| + | *Enhancing macrophage phagocytosis | ||
| + | *Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity | ||
| + | |l6=Immunity to Parasites | ||
| + | </FlashCard> | ||
| − | + | <br><br> | |
| − | { | + | {{Jim Bee 2007}} |
| − | + | [[Category:Immunology Flashcards]] | |
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Latest revision as of 09:44, 24 May 2012
Host invasion
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| By what three routes can pathogens enter the body? |
|
Link to Article | |
Viruses
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| Naked viruses contain only...? | RNA/DNA and protein coat
|
Link to Article | |
| Name three functions of viral structural proteins |
|
Link to Article | |
| Name the two main innate defenses against viral infection |
|
Link to Article | |
| Upon viral infection, which antibody isotype is increased at mucosal surfaces? | Link to Article | ||
| What do antibodies stop free virus particles from doing? | Binding to host cell, entering and uncoating
|
Link to Article | |
| By what mechanism is complement able to damage the virion envelope? | Virolysis
|
Link to Article | |
| When coupled with antibodies, what mechanisms does complement aid in immune defence? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What are the main cytokines CD4+ T cells release to recruit macrophages? |
|
Link to Article | |
Bacteria
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| Describe three ways prokaryotic DNA differs from eukaryotic DNA |
|
Link to Article | |
| Bacteria with an outer layer of lipopolysaccharide are classed as... | Gram-negative
|
Link to Article | |
| Bacteria with a round shape are classed as... | Cocci
|
Link to Article | |
| Bacteria with a long shape are classed as... | Rods or bacilli
|
Link to Article | |
| What are the four rules summarising the cause and effect relationship between bacteria and infection? | Koch's postulates
|
Link to Article | |
| What is the condition, characterised by excessive cytokine production, that is caused by bacterial components such as LPS? | Endotoxin shock
|
Link to Article | |
| By what mechanism do most bacteria replicate? | Binary fission
|
Link to Article | |
| By what three mechanisms can bacteria transfer DNA? |
|
Link to Article | |
Parasites
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| Do protozoa have a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell structure | Eukaryotic
|
Link to Article | |
| What are the two main groups of helminth parasite? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What is the main cell type that mediates the destruction of larger parasites? | Eosinophils
|
Link to Article | |
| What T cell subtype is required to fight intracellular protozoa | TH1
|
Link to Article | |
| What T cell subtype is required to fight intestinal worms? | TH2
|
Link to Article | |
| How do antibodies defend against parasitic infection? |
|
Link to Article | |
|
Originally funded by the RVC Jim Bee Award 2007 |