Difference between revisions of "Equine Haematology"

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'''Go to [[#Donkey|donkey parameters]]'''
 
−
===Horse===
 
 
{|border="2" width="800px" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all" style="margin:1em 1em 1em 0; border:solid 1px #AAAAAA; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
 
{|border="2" width="800px" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all" style="margin:1em 1em 1em 0; border:solid 1px #AAAAAA; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
 
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2" width="180px"|Haematologic Type
 
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2" width="180px"|Haematologic Type
−
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|US Units
 
−
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Full US Units
 
 
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Internarional Standard Units (SI)
 
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Internarional Standard Units (SI)
−
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Full SI Units
 
 
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Normal Ranges
 
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Normal Ranges
 
|-
 
|-
−
!colspan="6" bgcolor="#DBDBDB"|UNITED STATES UNITS / International Standard Units (SI)
+
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|WBC
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|% x10-3/uL
 +
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|5.5
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left"|Packed Cell Volume (PCV) (Haematocrit)
+
!align="left"|RBC
−
|%
+
|% x10-6/uL
−
|Percentage
+
|6.7 - 10.0
−
|x10-2/L
 
−
|Per litr
 
−
|32 - 48 (Lower in cold-blooded)
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Hemoglobin (Hgb)
+
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Haemoglobin
 
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|g/dL
 
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|g/dL
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Grams per deci-litre
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|11.2 - 16.2
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|x10 g/L
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Grams per litre
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|10 - 18
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left"|Red Blood Cells (RBC)
+
!align="left"|Haematocrit
−
|x10-6/uL
+
|%
−
|Per microlitre
+
|30 - 43
−
|x10 g/L
 
−
|Grams per litre
 
−
|6 - 12
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Reticulocytes
+
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCV
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|%
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|fL
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Percentage
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|37.5 - 50
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|%
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Percentage
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|0
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left"|Mean Corpuscular Volume
+
!align="left"|MCH
−
|f/L
+
|pg
−
|Per femtolitre
+
|14.0 - 18.7
−
|f/L
 
−
|Per femtolitre
 
−
|34 - 58
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Mean Corpuscular Hgb
+
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCHC
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|pg
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|g/dL
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Per picogram
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|36.4 - 38.8
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|pg
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Per picogram
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|13 - 19
 
−
|-
 
−
!align="left"|Mean Corpuscular Hgb Concentration
 
−
|g/dL
 
−
|Grams per deci-litre
 
−
|x10 g/L
 
−
|Grams per litre
 
−
|31 - 37
 
−
|-
 
−
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Platelets
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|x10-5/uL
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Per microlitre
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|x10-11/L
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Per litre
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|1 - 6
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left"|White Blood Cells
+
!align="left"|Platelets
 
|x10-3/uL
 
|x10-3/uL
−
|Per microlitre
+
|100 - 250
−
|x10-9/L
 
−
|Per litre
 
−
|6 - 12
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Neutrophils (Segmented)
+
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Plasma Proteins
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|% x10-3/uL
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|g/dL
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Per microlitre
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|6.1 - 8.0
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|% x10-9/L
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Per litre
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|30 - 75% or 3 - 6
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left"|Neutrophils (band)
+
!align="left"|Fibrinogen
−
|% x10-3/uL
+
|mg/dL
−
|Per microlitre
+
|100 - 500
−
|% x10-9/L
 
−
|Per litre
 
−
|0 - 1% or 0 - 0.1
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Lymphocytes
+
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Reticulocytes
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|% x10-3/uL
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|/uL
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Per microlitre
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|0 (Nil)
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|% x10-9/L
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Per litre
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|25 - 60 / 1.5 - 5
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left"|Monocytes
+
!align="left"|Band Neutrophils
−
|% x10-3/uL
+
|/uL
−
|Per microlitre
+
|0 - 100
−
|% x10-9/L
 
−
|Per litre
 
−
|1 - 8 / 0 - 0.6
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Eosinophils
+
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Segmented Neutrophils
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|% x10-3/uL
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|/uL
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Per microlitre
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|2,200 - 8,100
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|% x10-9/L
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Per litre
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|1 - 10 / 0 - 0.8
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left"|Basophils
+
!align="left"|Lymphocytes
−
|% x10-3/uL
+
|/uL
−
|Per microlitre
+
|1,700 - 5,800
−
|% x10-9/L
 
−
|Per litre
 
−
|0 - 3% or 0 - 0.3
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Myeloid/Erythroid Ratio
+
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Monocytes
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|No units
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|/uL
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|No units
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|0 - 1000
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|No units
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|No units
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|0.9 - 3.8 : 1
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left"|Plasma Proteins
+
!align="left"|Eosinophils
−
|g/dL
+
|/uL
−
|Grams per deci-litre
+
|0 - 800
−
|x10g/L
 
−
|Grams per litre
 
−
|6 - 8.5
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Plasma Fibrogen
+
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Basophils
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|g/dL
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|/uL
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Grams per deci-litre
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|0 - 300
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|x10g/L
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Grams per litre
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|0.1 - 0.4
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
−
{|width="800px" align="center"
+
 
−
{{citation
+
{{toplink
−
|initiallast = Kahn
+
|linkpage =WikiNormals
−
|initialfirst =Cynthia M
+
|linktext =WikiNormals
−
|2last = Line
+
 
−
|2first =Scott
+
|pagetype =WikiNormals
−
|3last =Aiello
+
|sublink1= Equine Section - WikiNormals
−
|3first =Susan E
+
|subtext1= Equine Section
−
|year = 2005
 
−
|title = The Merck Veterinary Manual
 
−
|ed = Ninth Edition
 
−
|city = New Jersey, United States of America
 
−
|pub = Merck & Co., Inc. & Merial Limited
 
−
|range = Hematological Reference Guides
 
 
}}
 
}}
−
|}
+
{{OpenPages}}
−
===Donkey===
+
[[Category:Haematology Reference Ranges]]
−
{|border="2" width="800px" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all" style="margin:1em 1em 1em 0; border:solid 1px #AAAAAA; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
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[[Category:WikiNormals]]
−
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2" width="180px"|Parameter/units
 
−
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Average
 
−
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Range
 
−
!bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Interpretation
 
−
|-
 
−
!align="left"|RBC 10<sup>12</sup>/l
 
−
|5.5
 
−
|(4 - 7.3)
 
−
|'''Red blood cells, packed cell volume, haemoglobin:'''
 
−
Elevations in RBC, PCV, and Hb may occur in dehydration and with stress, excitation and exercise. A reduction in these values may occur with acute haemorrhage, chronic inflammation, renal disease, hepatic disease, parasitism, haemolysis, and haematopoietic neoplasia.
 
−
|-
 
−
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|PCV %
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|33
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(25 - 38)
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|<small>As above</small>
 
−
|-
 
−
!align="left"|Hb g/dl
 
−
|11.6
 
−
|(9 - 15.3)
 
−
|<small>As above</small>
 
−
|-
 
−
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCH pg
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|21.9
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(18.9 - 28.6)
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Mean corpuscular haematology:'''
 
−
Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions usually indicate iron deficiency.
 
−
|-
 
−
!align="left"|MCHC g/dl
 
−
|34.8
 
−
|(31.4 - 39.1)
 
−
|'''Mean corpuscular haematological concentration:'''
 
−
Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions may indicate iron deficiency.
 
−
|-
 
−
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCV fl
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|64
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(57 - 79)
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Macrocytosis''' seen with regenerative anaemia. Microcytosis seen with iron deficiency.
 
−
|-
 
−
!align="left"|WBC 10<sup>9</sup>/l
 
−
|10.2
 
−
|(6.1 - 16.1)
 
−
|'''White blood cells'''. The total number of WBC is influenced by the numbers of [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]], lymphocytes, eosinophils,  [[Monocytes|monocytes]] and basophils. Leucocytosis is seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions. Leucopaenia can occur
 
−
during viral infection and severe leucopenia with acute bacterial infections.
 
−
|-
 
−
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|NEU %
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|50.5
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(28 - 78)
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Neutrophils.''' Neutrophilia can arise transiently due to exercise, excitement and stress. Elevations are seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions and acute bacterial infections. Corticosteroids, exogenous and endogenous, also cause a neutrophilia. Neutropenia can occur during viral infections.
 
−
|-
 
−
!align="left"|NEU T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
 
−
|5.0
 
−
|(2.2 - 13.3)
 
−
|<small>As above</small>
 
−
|-
 
−
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|EOS %
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|4
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(1 - 10)
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Eosinophils.''' Eosinophilia may be seen as a result of parasitism, allergic respiratory disease and eosinophilic leukaemia. Eosinopaenia is hard to evaluate as the numbers of eosinophils in normal donkeys are low.
 
−
|-
 
−
!align="left"|EOS T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
 
−
|0.38
 
−
|(0.09 - 1.15)
 
−
|<small>As above</small>
 
−
|-
 
−
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|BAS %
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|0
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(0 - 0.8)
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Basophils.''' Basophilia is rare in donkeys.
 
−
|-
 
−
!align="left"|BAS T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
 
−
|0
 
−
|(0 - 0.5)
 
−
|<small>As above</small>
 
−
|-
 
−
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|LYM %
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|43
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(17 - 65)
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Lymphocytes.''' Lymphocytosis occurs in response to chronic viral infections, autoimmune disease and with excitement or exercise. Large elevations in lymphocyte numbers can be seen in lymphoma. Lymphopaenia occurs as a result of stress, exogenous corticosteroid administration, severe bacterial or viral infections, endotoxemia and immunodeficiency.
 
−
|-
 
−
!align="left"|LYM T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
 
−
|4.2
 
−
|(1.8 - 7.8)
 
−
|<small>As above</small>
 
−
|-
 
−
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MON %
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|1
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(0 - 5)
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Monocytes.''' Monocytosis can occur as a result of chronic suppurative and granulomatous inflammation. It may also be seen during recovery from viral infections of the upper respiratory tract.
 
−
|-
 
−
!align="left"|MON T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
 
−
|0.13
 
−
|(0 - 0.8)
 
−
|<small>As above</small>
 
−
|-
 
−
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Platelets 10<sup>9</sup>/l
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|5.5
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(4 - 7.3)
 
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Thrombocytes.''' Thrombocytosis is rare but can occur in bacterial infections. Thrombocytopaenia may be seen in disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), immunemediated thrombocytopenia, equine infectious anaemia (EIA),  endotoxemia, equine ehrlichiosis, neoplasia, or as a result of severe haemorrhage. Artifactual reductions in platelet numbers can occur as a result of platelets clumping in EDTA.
 
−
|-
 
−
|}
 
−
Svendsen, E.D., Duncan, J. and Hadrill, D. (2008) ''The Professional Handbook of the Donkey'', 4th edition, Whittet Books, Appendix 1
 

Latest revision as of 17:17, 26 June 2012


Haematologic Type Internarional Standard Units (SI) Normal Ranges
WBC % x10-3/uL 5.5
RBC % x10-6/uL 6.7 - 10.0
Haemoglobin g/dL 11.2 - 16.2
Haematocrit % 30 - 43
MCV fL 37.5 - 50
MCH pg 14.0 - 18.7
MCHC g/dL 36.4 - 38.8
Platelets x10-3/uL 100 - 250
Plasma Proteins g/dL 6.1 - 8.0
Fibrinogen mg/dL 100 - 500
Reticulocytes /uL 0 (Nil)
Band Neutrophils /uL 0 - 100
Segmented Neutrophils /uL 2,200 - 8,100
Lymphocytes /uL 1,700 - 5,800
Monocytes /uL 0 - 1000
Eosinophils /uL 0 - 800
Basophils /uL 0 - 300
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