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1,069 bytes removed , 19:29, 26 June 2012

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==Introduction==

Baseline [[Lizard and Snake Haemotology|haematology]] and [[Lizard and Snake Biochemistry|biochemistry]] values of 'normals' must be established per patient and per laboratory. It is very useful to establish normals for individual patients at the time of regular health checks before an animal is presented in ill health. Values may vary depending on season, breeding condition and diet. The following values have been taken from various sources and reflect the laboratory methods as well as the individual species. Caution is advised when using these values for the interpretation of your own patients' blood results.

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==Normal haematology & plasma biochemistry values in the [[Green Iguana|green iguana]] (''Iguana iguana'')==

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Ten wild caught iguanas were blood sampled as part of a health assessment prior to introduction to an existing group. The iguanas were manually restrained by holding the forelimbs laterally against their chest and the hindlimbs against the tail. Blood was [[Lizard Blood Collection|collected]] from the ventral tail vein and placed in lithium heparin. A fresh blood smear was made at the time of collection. Urea, [[Creatinine in lizards|creatinine]] and [[Lactate dehydrogenase|LDH]] were considered poor diagnostic parameters.

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Ten wild caught iguanas were blood sampled as part of a health assessment prior to introduction to an existing group. The iguanas were manually restrained by holding the forelimbs laterally against their chest and the hindlimbs against the tail. Blood was [[Lizard Blood Collection|collected]] from the ventral tail vein and placed in lithium heparin. A fresh blood smear was made at the time of collection. Urea, [[Creatinine in lizards|creatinine]] and [[Lactate dehydrogenase - Reptiles|LDH]] were considered poor diagnostic parameters.

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|}

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~~===~~References~~===~~

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References

*Divers, S. (1996). Normal haematology & plasma biochemistry values in the green iguana. British Veterinary Zoological Society, Summer newsletter 1996:5-6.

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==Haematology and biochemistry of selected lizards (American units)==

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|}

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~~===~~References==

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References

*Wright, K.M. & Skeba, S. (1992). Hematology and plasma chemistries of captive prehensile-tailed skinks (Corucia zebrata). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 23:429-432.=

*Carpenter, J.W., Mashima, T.Y. & Rupiper, D.J. (1996). Exotic Animal Formulary. Greystone Publications, Kansas. Pp. 74-76.

*Kopplin, R.P., Tarr, R.S. & Iverson, C.N.M. (1983). Serum profile of the iguanid lizard (Dipsosaurus dorsalis). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 14:30-32.

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==Haematology and biochemistry of [[Chameleon|chameleons]]==

*38 samples from 35 individuals – 8 institutions

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.84-1.93

|bgcolor="#9999FF"|

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Total protein~~|Total protein]]~~ (g/l)

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Total protein (g/l)

|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 42 - 76

|-

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 7.68-19.99

|bgcolor="#9999FF"|

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Albumin~~|Albumin]]~~ (g/l)

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Albumin (g/l)

|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 13 - 33

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 42.4 - 88.2

|bgcolor="#9999FF"|

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Uric acid~~|Uric acid]]~~ (umol/l)

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Uric acid (umol/l)

|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 180 - 325

|-

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 271-342

|bgcolor="#9999FF"|

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Calcium~~|Calcium]]~~ (mmol/l)

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Calcium (mmol/l)

|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 2.48-3.43

|-

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Heterophils~~|Heterophils]]~~ (x 10^9)

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Heterophils (x 10^9)

|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 2.0-7.23

|bgcolor="#9999FF"|

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 15 - 247

|-

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Eosinophils ~~- Reptile|Eosinophils]]~~ (x 10^9)

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Eosinophils (x 10^9)

|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.12-1.67

|bgcolor="#9999FF"|

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0-1

|-

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Lymphocytes ~~- Reptile|Lymphocytes]]~~ (x 10^9)

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Lymphocytes (x 10^9)

|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.92-8.34

|bgcolor="#9999FF"|

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"~~| [[Lactate dehydrogenase~~|LDH]] (iu/l)

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| LDH (iu/l)

|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 42-392

|-

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Monocytes ~~- Reptile|Monocytes]]~~ (x 10^9)

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Monocytes (x 10^9)

|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.12 0.57

|bgcolor="#9999FF"|

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Sodium~~|Sodium]]~~ (mmol/l)

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Sodium (mmol/l)

|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 136 - 169

|-

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Basophils ~~- Reptile|Basophils]]~~ (x 10^9)

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Basophils (x 10^9)

|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.00-26.3

|bgcolor="#9999FF"|

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Potassium~~|Potassium]]~~ (mmol/l)

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Potassium (mmol/l)

|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 3.1-5.1

|-

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| ~~[[Lizard_and_Snake_Cell_Identification#~~Azurophils~~|Azurophils]]~~ (x 10^9)

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Azurophils (x 10^9)

|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.40-3.23

|bgcolor="#9999FF"|

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Chloride~~|Chloride]]~~ (mmol/l)

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Chloride (mmol/l)

|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 114 - 130

|-

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Thrombocytes ~~- Reptile|Thrombocytes]]~~

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Thrombocytes

|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|

|bgcolor="#9999FF"|

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Phosphorus~~|Phosphorus]]~~ (mmol/l)

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Phosphorus (mmol/l)

|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 1.35-2.91

|}

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==Bosc [[Monitor|monitor]] blood values==

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 20-35%

|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| ~~[[Uric~~ acid~~|uric]]~~

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| uric acid

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 90-300

|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"~~| [[Sodium~~|sodium]]

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| sodium

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 145-190

|-

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3-10

|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"~~| [[Calcium~~|Ca]]

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Ca

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.1-3.2

|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"~~| [[Potassium~~|K]]

+

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| K

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.2-4.3

|-

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.1-2.5

|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"~~| [[Chloride~~|Cl]]

+

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Cl

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 142-155

|-

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|

|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"~~| [[Glucose~~|Glu]]

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Glu

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.5-9.6

|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|

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|}

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==Haematology and biochemistry of the inland [[Bearded Dragon|bearded dragon]] (''Pogona vitticeps'')==

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 6.736-19.946

|-

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Heterophils~~|Heterophils]]~~

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Heterophils

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| %

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 27

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.619-7.339

|-

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Lymphocytes ~~- Reptile|Lymphocytes]]~~

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Lymphocytes

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| %

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 59

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 4.012-12.033

|-

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Monocytes ~~- Reptile|Monocytes]]~~

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Monocytes

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| %

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0-0.499

|-

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Basophils ~~- Reptile|Basophils]]~~

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Basophils

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| %

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 9

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.205-3.191

|-

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| ~~[[Lizard_and_Snake_Cell_Identification#~~Azurophils~~|Azurophils]]~~

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Azurophils

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| %

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 4

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!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Range

|-

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Glucose~~|Glucose]]~~

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Glucose

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/I

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 11.7

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 139-291

|-

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"~~| [[Blood urea nitrogen~~|BUN]]

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| BUN

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/l

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.7

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| <1-2

|-

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Uric acid~~|Uric acid]]~~

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Uric acid

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/l

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 310

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.6-11.4

|-

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Calcium~~|Calcium]]~~

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Calcium

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/l

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.95

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 8.6-27.2

|-

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Phosphorus~~|Phosphorus]]~~

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Phosphorus

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/l

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.9

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 312-1224

|-

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"~~| [[Alanine aminotransferase~~|ALT]]

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| ALT

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| iu/l

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| < 3

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 4-40

|-

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Sodium~~|Sodium]]~~

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Sodium

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/l or mEq/l

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 153

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 141-190

|-

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Chloride~~|Chloride]]~~

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Chloride

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/l or mEq/l

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 123

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 80-140

|-

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Potassium~~|Potassium]]~~

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Potassium

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/l or mEq/l

|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.6

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|}

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~~===~~References==

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References

* Eliman, M.M. (1997). Hematology and plasma chemistry of the inland bearded dragon, ''Pogona vitticeps''. In Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians 7(4).=

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===Differential===

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!bgcolor="#9999FF"|

−

!bgcolor="#9999FF"| [[Heterophils~~|Heterophils]]~~

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!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Heterophils

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!bgcolor="#9999FF"| [[Lymphocytes ~~- Reptile|Lymphocytes]]~~

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!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Lymphocytes

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!bgcolor="#9999FF"~~| [[Monocytes - Reptile~~|Monocytes]]

+

!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Monocytes

−

!bgcolor="#9999FF"| [[Eosinophils ~~- Reptile|Eosinophils]]~~

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!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Eosinophils

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!bgcolor="#9999FF"~~| [[Basophils - Reptile~~|Basophils]]

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!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Basophils

−

!bgcolor="#9999FF"| ~~[[Lizard_and_Snake_Cell_Identification#~~Azurophils~~|Azurophils]]~~

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!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Azurophils

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!bgcolor="#9999FF"~~| [[Thrombocytes - Reptile~~|Thrombocytes]]

+

!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Thrombocytes

|-

!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Mean +/- s.d.

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!bgcolor="#FFCC99"|

−

!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| [[Calcium~~|Calcium]]~~

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!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Calcium

−

!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| [[Phosphorus~~|Phosphorus]]~~

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!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Phosphorus

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!bgcolor="#FFCC99"~~| [[Sodium~~|Sodium]]

+

!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Sodium

−

!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| [[Potassium~~|Potassium]]~~

+

!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Potassium

−

!bgcolor="#FFCC99"~~| [[Chloride~~|Chloride]]

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!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Chloride

!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Iron

|-

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!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Magnesium

!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| HCO3

−

!bgcolor="#FFFF99"~~| [[Blood urea nitrogen~~|BUN]]

+

!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| BUN

−

!bgcolor="#FFFF99"~~| [[Creatinine in lizards~~|Creatinine]]

+

!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Creatinine

−

!bgcolor="#FFFF99"~~| [[Uric acid~~|Uric Acid]]

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!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Uric Acid

−

!bgcolor="#FFFF99"~~| [[Glucose~~|Glucose]]

+

!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Glucose

|-

!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Mean +/- s.d.

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!bgcolor="#66FF99"| Cholesterol

!bgcolor="#66FF99"| Triglycerides

−

!bgcolor="#66FF99"~~| [[Creatine kinase~~|CK]]

+

!bgcolor="#66FF99"| CK

−

!bgcolor="#66FF99"~~| [[Lactate dehydrogenase~~|LDH]]

+

!bgcolor="#66FF99"| LDH

!bgcolor="#66FF99"| ALP

−

!bgcolor="#66FF99"~~| [[Alanine aminotransferase~~|ALT]]

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!bgcolor="#66FF99"| ALT

|-

!bgcolor="#66FF99"| Mean +/- s.d.

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!bgcolor="#9999FF"| AST

!bgcolor="#9999FF"| GGT

−

!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Tot [[Bilirubin ~~in lizards|Bilirubin]]~~

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!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Tot Bilirubin

−

!bgcolor="#9999FF"| D ~~[[Bilirubin in lizards|~~Bilirubin]]

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!bgcolor="#9999FF"| D Bilirubin

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!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Ind ~~[[Bilirubin in lizards|~~Bilirubin]]

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!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Ind Bilirubin

!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Fibrinogen

|-

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|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|

|}

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===Electrophoresis===

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!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Osmolarity

!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Globulin

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!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| [[Albumin~~|Albumin]]~~

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!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Albumin

−

!bgcolor="#FFCC99"~~| [[Total protein~~|Total protein]]

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!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Total protein

|-

!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Mean +/- s.d.

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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 42 - 76

|}

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[[Category:Lizard_Diagnostics|B]]

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[[Category:Haematology Reference Ranges]]

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[[Category:Biochemistry Reference Ranges]]

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Lizard Blood Values (view source)

Revision as of 19:29, 26 June 2012