Difference between revisions of "Vaginal Smear for Oestrus Detection in the Bitch"
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== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
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* At the onset of pro-oestrus, large numbers of erythrocytes are present. | * At the onset of pro-oestrus, large numbers of erythrocytes are present. | ||
| − | * When true oestrus occurs, the | + | * When true oestrus occurs, the number of erythrocytes is reduced, and the smear consists of superficial cells from the stratified squamous epithelium. Such cells include: |
** Anuclear cells | ** Anuclear cells | ||
** Cells with pyknotic nuclei | ** Cells with pyknotic nuclei | ||
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** Nucleated basal of the stratified squamous epithelium | ** Nucleated basal of the stratified squamous epithelium | ||
** Intermediate cells of the stratified squamous epithelium | ** Intermediate cells of the stratified squamous epithelium | ||
| − | ** Few neutrophils | + | ** Few [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]] |
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{| style="width:75%; height:200px" border="1" | {| style="width:75%; height:200px" border="1" | ||
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== Vaginal Epithelium == | == Vaginal Epithelium == | ||
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* Stratum corneum and the layers immediately beneath it are lost by desquamation during pro-oestrus and oestrus. This leaves low squamous epithelium, which becomes converted to columnar epithelium 1-3 weeks after the end of oestrus. | * Stratum corneum and the layers immediately beneath it are lost by desquamation during pro-oestrus and oestrus. This leaves low squamous epithelium, which becomes converted to columnar epithelium 1-3 weeks after the end of oestrus. | ||
* Metoestrus and pregnancy: high columnar, higher than during anoestrus. | * Metoestrus and pregnancy: high columnar, higher than during anoestrus. | ||
| − | * During pro-oestrus, oestrus and early metoestrus, the epithelium and lamina propria are infiltrated with large numbers of neutrophils, which eventually escape into the vaginal lumen. | + | * During pro-oestrus, oestrus and early metoestrus, the epithelium and lamina propria are infiltrated with large numbers of [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]], which eventually escape into the vaginal lumen. |
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| + | [[Category:Female Reproduction]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Bullet Points]] | ||
Latest revision as of 18:06, 3 July 2012
Introduction
Vaginal smears can be used to determine the stage of the oestrous cycle. Smears are generally stained with Leishman's or a Trichrome stain such as Shorr's.
Vaginal Smears
- At the onset of pro-oestrus, large numbers of erythrocytes are present.
- When true oestrus occurs, the number of erythrocytes is reduced, and the smear consists of superficial cells from the stratified squamous epithelium. Such cells include:
- Anuclear cells
- Cells with pyknotic nuclei
- Large intermediate cells
- Towards the end of oestrus, polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes appear. These become the dominant cell type during metoestrus.
- In anoestrus,different cell types are present,these are:
- Nucleated basal of the stratified squamous epithelium
- Intermediate cells of the stratified squamous epithelium
- Few neutrophils
| Cell Type | Para Basal | Small Intermediate | Large Intermediate | Anuclear Keratinised | Red Blood | Neutrophils | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Early Pro-Oestrus | +++ | +++ | +- | - | + | + | |
| Late Pro-Oestrus | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | +++ | - | |
| Early Oestrus | - | - | +++ | ++++ | ++ | - | |
| Late Oestrus | - | - | +++ | +++ | - | + | |
| Ealy Metoestrus | - | + | - | +- | - | +++ | |
| Anoestrus | ++ | + | - | - | +- | + | |
| Vaginitis/Pyometra | +- | +- | +- | - | +- | ++++ |
Vaginal Epithelium
- Anoestrous: low columnar-cuboidal, comprises of 2-3 layers.
- Pro-oestrus: high stratified squamous persists until late stages of oestrus.
- Stratum corneum and the layers immediately beneath it are lost by desquamation during pro-oestrus and oestrus. This leaves low squamous epithelium, which becomes converted to columnar epithelium 1-3 weeks after the end of oestrus.
- Metoestrus and pregnancy: high columnar, higher than during anoestrus.
- During pro-oestrus, oestrus and early metoestrus, the epithelium and lamina propria are infiltrated with large numbers of neutrophils, which eventually escape into the vaginal lumen.