Changes

Also known as: '''''Haemorrhagic Enteritis — HE — Egg Drop Syndrome — EDS —  Quail Bronchitis — QB — Pheasant Marble Spleen Disease — MSD —  Inclusion Body Hepatitis — IBH'''''

Also known as: '''''Haemorrhagic Enteritis — HE — Egg Drop Syndrome — EDS —  Quail Bronchitis — QB — Pheasant Marble Spleen Disease — MSD —  Inclusion Body Hepatitis — IBH'''''

{{Taxobox

{{Taxobox

Avian adenoviruses affect '''chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys and pheasants worldwide.'''

Avian adenoviruses affect '''chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys and pheasants worldwide.'''

Avian adenoviruses are easy to identify microscopically by their '''icosahedral shape''' and triangular facets of capsomeres. <ref>McCracken, R. M., Adair, B. M (1993) '''Avian adenoviruses'''. ''Virus infections of birds.'' 123-144; 89</ref> Many species of adenovirus can be found on one farm or even within one bird.

Avian adenoviruses are easy to identify microscopically by their '''icosahedral shape''' and triangular facets of capsomeres. Many species of adenovirus can be found on one farm or even within one bird.

Avian adenoviruses are not zoonotic.

Avian adenoviruses are not zoonotic.

'''EDS virus''' is unusual in that it '''haemagglutinates chicken and duck erythrocytes''' and this provides a diagnostic testing method: [[Agglutination|haemagglutinin inhibition]].  

'''EDS virus''' is unusual in that it '''haemagglutinates chicken and duck erythrocytes''' and this provides a diagnostic testing method: [[Agglutination|haemagglutinin inhibition]].  

Changes seen at '''necropsy''' vary widely with viral species. QB virus causes accumulation of haemorrhagic mucus in the respiratory tract and nasal-ocular discharge. Lung consolidation may be a feature where disease is severe. Basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies are also common in the epithelia of the respiratory tract. In IBH, the liver is enlarged, friable and discoloured pale yellow-brown with surface haemorrhage, histological necrosis and again, intranuclear inclusion bodies which may be eosinophilic or basophilic. HE virus causes dark red/black discolouration of intestines which are often blood filled. <ref>Pierson, F. W., Domermuth, C. H., Gross, W. B (1998) '''Hemorrhagic enteritis of turkeys and marble spleen disease of pheasants'''. In: Swayne, D. E., Glisson, J. R., Jackwood, M. W., Pearson, J. E., Reed, W. M. eds. A Laboratory Manual for the Isolation and Identification of Avian Pathogens (4th ed) ''Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA: American Association of Avian Pathologists, University of Pennsylvania'',106-110</ref> Enlargement of the spleen is a feature of serogroup 2 viruses at post-mortem, with a mottled and friable appearance and congestion of the lungs and liver. The white pulp of the spleen is hyperplastic histologically and intranuclear inclusion bodies form islands within the tissue structure. The characteristic intranuclear inclusion bodies will be seen in the reproductive tract in infections caused by serogroup 3 viruses.

Changes seen at '''necropsy''' vary widely with viral species. QB virus causes accumulation of haemorrhagic mucus in the respiratory tract and nasal-ocular discharge. Lung consolidation may be a feature where disease is severe. Basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies are also common in the epithelia of the respiratory tract. In IBH, the liver is enlarged, friable and discoloured pale yellow-brown with surface haemorrhage, histological necrosis and again, intranuclear inclusion bodies which may be eosinophilic or basophilic. HE virus causes dark red/black discolouration of intestines which are often blood filled. Enlargement of the spleen is a feature of serogroup 2 viruses at post-mortem, with a mottled and friable appearance and congestion of the lungs and liver. The white pulp of the spleen is hyperplastic histologically and intranuclear inclusion bodies form islands within the tissue structure. The characteristic intranuclear inclusion bodies will be seen in the reproductive tract in infections caused by serogroup 3 viruses.

==Treatment and Control==

==Treatment and Control==

Minimising stress and optimising immunocompetence may reduce efficiency of spread of the viruses. Care should be taken not to mix faeces between groups or flocks as they often contain viral particles.

Minimising stress and optimising immunocompetence may reduce efficiency of spread of the viruses. Care should be taken not to mix faeces between groups or flocks as they often contain viral particles.

{{Learning

{{Learning

}}

}}

{{CABI source

{{CABI source

|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/Default.aspx?site=160&page=2144&LoadModule=datasheet&CompID=3&dsID=92905 Avian adenoviruses] and [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=78845&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 avian adenoviruses infection]

|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/Default.aspx?site=160&page=2144&LoadModule=datasheet&CompID=3&dsID=92905 Avian adenoviruses] and [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=78845&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 avian adenoviruses infection]

|date = June 20, 2011  

|date = June 20, 2011  

}}

}}

<br><br><br>

<br><br>

 

 

[[Category:Adenoviridae]]

[[Category:Adenoviridae]]

[[Category:Avian Viruses]]

[[Category:Avian Viruses]]

[[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Birds]][[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Birds]][[Category:Musculoskeletal Diseases - Birds]][[Category:Neurological Diseases - Birds]][[Category:Alimentary Diseases - Birds]]

[[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Birds]][[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Birds]][[Category:Musculoskeletal Diseases - Birds]][[Category:Neurological Diseases - Birds]][[Category:Alimentary Diseases - Birds]]

[[Category:CABI Expert Review]]

[[Category:CABI Expert Review Completed]][[Category:CABI AHPC Pages]]