Difference between revisions of "Muscles of the Crus - Horse Anatomy"
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=='''Craniolateral Muscles of the Crus'''== | =='''Craniolateral Muscles of the Crus'''== | ||
− | These muscles arise from the distal | + | These muscles arise from the distal femur or proximal tibia or fibula. Their tendinous insertions are often multiarticular and insert on the metatarsals or phalanges. They are innervated by the '''peroneal nerve'''. |
==='''Flexors of the tarsus'''=== | ==='''Flexors of the tarsus'''=== | ||
'''''Cranial Tibial (Tibialis Cranialis)''''' | '''''Cranial Tibial (Tibialis Cranialis)''''' | ||
− | :'''Origin''': Lateral condyle and tuberosity of the | + | :'''Origin''': Lateral condyle and tuberosity of the tibia |
− | :'''Insertion''': Bifurcates into a medial and lateral branch. The lateral branch inserts on the | + | :'''Insertion''': Bifurcates into a medial and lateral branch. The lateral branch inserts on the metatarsal tuberosity. The medial branch inserts on the combined first and second tarsal bones. The medial branch is also known as the '''cunean tendon'''. |
− | :'''Action''': Flexes the | + | :'''Action''': Flexes the tarsus |
− | :Its tendinous insertion has a synovial sheath, and a bursa is present between its medial branch and the medial ligament of the | + | :Its tendinous insertion has a synovial sheath, and a bursa is present between its medial branch and the medial ligament of the hock. |
− | :In the horse, its fibres join with the | + | :In the horse, its fibres join with the third fibular muscle proximal to the tarsus. |
'''''Peroneus tertius''''' | '''''Peroneus tertius''''' | ||
− | :'''Origin''': Extensor fossa of the | + | :'''Origin''': Extensor fossa of the femur |
− | :'''Insertion''': Proximal extremity of the | + | :'''Insertion''': Proximal extremity of the third metatarsal and third tarsal bone. Also the calcaneus and fourth tarsal bones. |
− | :'''Action''': An almost exclusively tendinous muscle that plays an important part in the | + | :'''Action''': An almost exclusively tendinous muscle that plays an important part in the stay apparatus. |
==='''Extensors of the Digits'''=== | ==='''Extensors of the Digits'''=== | ||
'''''Long digital extensor''''' | '''''Long digital extensor''''' | ||
− | : | + | :Origin - extensor fossa of the femur. |
− | : | + | :Insertion - extensor process of the third phalanx, and the dorsal surfaces of the proximal extremities of the first and second phalanges. |
− | + | :Its tendon of insertion passes over the front of the hock, and is held in place by three annular ligaments and a synovial sheath. The tendon of the lateral digital extensor joins the tendon a hands breath distal of the tarsus. | |
− | :Its tendon of insertion passes over the front of the | ||
'''''Lateral digital extensor''''' | '''''Lateral digital extensor''''' | ||
− | : | + | :Origin - lateral patella ligament, fibula, lateral border of the tibia and the interosseous ligament. |
− | : | + | :Insertion - the long digital extensor tendon. |
− | + | :It appears to have no function, apart from maybe to support the long digital extensor. | |
=='''Caudal Muscles of the Crus'''== | =='''Caudal Muscles of the Crus'''== | ||
Line 43: | Line 43: | ||
'''''Gastrocnemius''''' | '''''Gastrocnemius''''' | ||
− | : | + | :Origin - lateral head from the lateral supracondyloid crest of the femur. The medial head from the medial supracondyloid crest. |
− | : | + | :Insertion - Calcaneus. |
− | + | :The two bellies combine in the middle of the crus, which twists around to the dorsal aspect of the superficial digital flexor. A large bursa lies between these two tendons and a small bursa lies between the gastrocnemius and the its point of insertion on the calcaneus. | |
− | :The two bellies combine in the middle of the crus, which twists around to the dorsal aspect of the | ||
'''''Soleus''''' | '''''Soleus''''' | ||
− | : | + | :Origin - the head of the fibula. |
− | : | + | :Insertion - the gastrocnemius tendon. |
− | : | + | :Its function is mainly to assist the gastrocnemius. |
==='''Flexors of the Digits'''=== | ==='''Flexors of the Digits'''=== | ||
'''''Superficial digital flexor''''' | '''''Superficial digital flexor''''' | ||
− | : | + | :Origin - the supracondyloid fossa of the femur. |
− | : | + | :Insertion - the calcaneus, the eminences on the sides of the proximal extremity of the second phalanx, and the distal extremity of the first phalanx behind the collateral ligament of the pastern joint. |
− | : | + | :A large synovial bursa lies under the tendon from the distal fourth of the tibia to the middle of the tarsus. A subcutaneous bursa is sometimes present at the point of the hock. |
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'''''Deep digital flexor''''' | '''''Deep digital flexor''''' | ||
− | : | + | :Origin - the lateral condyle of the tibia, the caudal and medial aspect of the tibia. |
− | : | + | :Insertion - the semilunar crest and adjacent surface of the cartilage of the third phalanx. |
− | + | :The tendon has a synovial sheath from the distal fourth of the tibia, to a third of the way down the metatarsus. | |
− | :The tendon has a synovial sheath from the distal fourth of the | ||
− | |||
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Revision as of 13:13, 31 October 2012
This article is still under construction. |
Introduction
These muscles can be divided into two groups. On the craniolateral aspect of the limb are the flexors of the tarsus and extensors of the digit. On the caudal aspect are the extensors of the tarsus and flexors of the digit.
Craniolateral Muscles of the Crus
These muscles arise from the distal femur or proximal tibia or fibula. Their tendinous insertions are often multiarticular and insert on the metatarsals or phalanges. They are innervated by the peroneal nerve.
Flexors of the tarsus
Cranial Tibial (Tibialis Cranialis)
- Origin: Lateral condyle and tuberosity of the tibia
- Insertion: Bifurcates into a medial and lateral branch. The lateral branch inserts on the metatarsal tuberosity. The medial branch inserts on the combined first and second tarsal bones. The medial branch is also known as the cunean tendon.
- Action: Flexes the tarsus
- Its tendinous insertion has a synovial sheath, and a bursa is present between its medial branch and the medial ligament of the hock.
- In the horse, its fibres join with the third fibular muscle proximal to the tarsus.
Peroneus tertius
- Origin: Extensor fossa of the femur
- Insertion: Proximal extremity of the third metatarsal and third tarsal bone. Also the calcaneus and fourth tarsal bones.
- Action: An almost exclusively tendinous muscle that plays an important part in the stay apparatus.
Extensors of the Digits
Long digital extensor
- Origin - extensor fossa of the femur.
- Insertion - extensor process of the third phalanx, and the dorsal surfaces of the proximal extremities of the first and second phalanges.
- Its tendon of insertion passes over the front of the hock, and is held in place by three annular ligaments and a synovial sheath. The tendon of the lateral digital extensor joins the tendon a hands breath distal of the tarsus.
Lateral digital extensor
- Origin - lateral patella ligament, fibula, lateral border of the tibia and the interosseous ligament.
- Insertion - the long digital extensor tendon.
- It appears to have no function, apart from maybe to support the long digital extensor.
Caudal Muscles of the Crus
These are innervated by the tibial nerve.
Extensors of the Tarsus
Gastrocnemius
- Origin - lateral head from the lateral supracondyloid crest of the femur. The medial head from the medial supracondyloid crest.
- Insertion - Calcaneus.
- The two bellies combine in the middle of the crus, which twists around to the dorsal aspect of the superficial digital flexor. A large bursa lies between these two tendons and a small bursa lies between the gastrocnemius and the its point of insertion on the calcaneus.
Soleus
- Origin - the head of the fibula.
- Insertion - the gastrocnemius tendon.
- Its function is mainly to assist the gastrocnemius.
Flexors of the Digits
Superficial digital flexor
- Origin - the supracondyloid fossa of the femur.
- Insertion - the calcaneus, the eminences on the sides of the proximal extremity of the second phalanx, and the distal extremity of the first phalanx behind the collateral ligament of the pastern joint.
- A large synovial bursa lies under the tendon from the distal fourth of the tibia to the middle of the tarsus. A subcutaneous bursa is sometimes present at the point of the hock.
Deep digital flexor
- Origin - the lateral condyle of the tibia, the caudal and medial aspect of the tibia.
- Insertion - the semilunar crest and adjacent surface of the cartilage of the third phalanx.
- The tendon has a synovial sheath from the distal fourth of the tibia, to a third of the way down the metatarsus.
Muscles of the Crus - Horse Anatomy Learning Resources | |
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Drag and Drop (Dragster) Test your knowledge using drag and drop boxes |
Equine Crus and Pes Surface Anatomy Resources (I, II & III) |