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| − | {{unfinished}} | + | {{OpenPagesTop}} |
| | ==Thoracic Limb== | | ==Thoracic Limb== |
| − | ===Extrinsic Musculature===
| + | <big><b> |
| | + | :[[Thoracic Limb Extrinsic Muscles - Horse Anatomy|Extrinsic Musculature]] |
| | + | :Intrinsic Musculature |
| | + | ::[[Shoulder Muscles - Horse Anatomy|Muscles of the Shoulder]] |
| | + | ::[[Elbow Muscles - Horse Anatomy|Muscles of the Elbow]] |
| | + | ::[[Carpal and Digital Muscles - Horse Anatomy| Muscles of the Carpal and Digital Joints]] |
| | + | </b></big> |
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| − | These muscles are responsible for joining the forelimb to the trunk, forming a synsarcosis rather than a conventional joint. Collectively, they act to transfer the weight of the body to the forelimbs, as well as to stabilize the scapula.
| + | ==Pelvic Limb== |
| − | | + | <big><b> |
| − | '''''Trapezius''''':
| + | :[[Pelvic Girdle Muscles - Horse Anatomy|Girdle Muscles]] |
| − | :'''Innervatation''': Accessory n. | + | :[[Rump Muscles - Horse Anatomy|Rump Muscles]] |
| − | :'''Origin''': Mid-dorsal raphe and supraspinous ligament | + | :[[Inner Pelvic Muscles - Horse Anatomy|Inner Pelvic Muscles]] |
| − | :'''Insertion''': Spine of the scapula | + | :[[Muscles of the Crus - Horse Anatomy|Muscles of the Crus]] |
| − | :'''Body''': Two parts, cervical and thoracic, separated by aponeurosis
| + | </b></big> |
| − | :'''Action''': Raises the scapula against the trunk and swings cranially to advance the limb
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| − | | |
| − | '''''Brachiocephalic m.''''':
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| − | :'''Innervation''': Accessory n.
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| − | :Two parts separated by the clavicle, where it exists
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| − | :'''Origin''': Mastoid process of temporal bone, nuchal crest, wing of atlas and the transverse processes of the 2nd-4th cervical vertebrae
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| − | :'''Insertion''': Deltoid tuberosity and crest of the humerus
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| − | :'''Action''': Advances the limb and extends the shoulder joint when limb is in motion. Draws the head and neck ventrally when the limb is fixed
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| | | | |
| − | '''''Latissimus dorsi''''':
| + | ==References== |
| − | :'''Innervation''': local branch of brachial plexus | + | *Konig, H.E., Liebich, H.G. Veterinary Anatomy of Domestic Mammals: Textbook and Colour Atlas (2009), Schattauer |
| − | :The broadest muscle of the back
| + | *Pasquini, C, Spurgeon, T.L., An Anatomy of Domestic Animals: A Systemic and Regional Approach, 10th Edition (2003), Bowker |
| − | :'''Origin''': Thoracolumbar fascia | + | <br /> |
| − | :'''Insertion''': Teres tuberosity of the humerus
| + | <br /> |
| − | :'''Action''': Antagonist to the brachiocephalic m. It retracts the free limb and flexes shoulder joint. It also draws the trunk forward over the fixed limb.
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| | | | |
| − | '''''Pectoral mm.''''':
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| − | :'''Innervation''': brachial plexus
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| − | :Two superficial parts, cranial and caudal
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| − | :'''Origin''': Cranial sternum
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| − | :'''Insertion''':
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| − | ::Cranial ('''descending''') - The crest of the humerus, distal to the deltoid tuberosity
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| − | ::Caudal ('''transverse''') - Covers the elbow joint to insert on the medial fascia of the forearm
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| − | :'''Action''': Adducts the forelimb, assist in protraction and retraction
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| | | | |
| − | '''''Serratis ventralis''''':
| + | [[Category:Horse Anatomy]] |
| − | :'''Innervation''': branch of brachial plexus
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| − | :'''Origin''': C4 to 10th rib
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| − | :'''Insertion''': Medial scapula and scapular cartilage
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| − | :'''Action''': Supports the weight of the trunk. It is reinforced by strong fascia. The cervical portion can retract the limb and the caudal portion can advance the limb.
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| | | | |
| − | '''''Rhomboids''''':
| + | {{Template:Learning |
| − | :'''Innervation''': brachial plexus, although in some species, dorsal spinal nerves can innervate
| + | |dragster = [[Equine Crus and Pes Surface Anatomy Resources (I, II & III)]] |
| − | :'''Origin''': Median connective tissue from poll to withers, lying deep to the trapezius
| + | }} |
| − | :'''Insertion''': Dorsal border and adjacent scapula
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| − | :'''Action''': Retracts the limb, may also raise limb
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| | | | |
| − | ==Pelvic Limb==
| + | {{OpenPages}} |
| | + | [[Category:Muscles - Horse Anatomy]] |