Difference between revisions of "Clostridium species"
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| − | # | + | <big><center>[[Infectious agents and parasites|'''BACK TO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND PARASITES''']]</center></big> |
| + | <big><center>[[Bacteria|'''BACK TO BACTERIA''']]</center></big> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Overview=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Organisms present in the soil, alimentary tract and faeces | ||
| + | *Endospores may be present in liver and may be reactivated to cause disease | ||
| + | *Neurotoxic clostridia, ''Clostridium tetani'' and ''Clostridium botulinum'' affect neuromuscular function but cause no tissue damage | ||
| + | *Histotoxic clostridia cause localised lesions in tissues and may cause toxaemia | ||
| + | *''C. perfringens'' cause inflammatory lesions in the gastrointestinal tract and enterotoxaemia | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Characteristics=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Large Gram-positive rods | ||
| + | *Obligate anaerobes | ||
| + | *Fermentative, catalase negative, oxidase negative | ||
| + | *Straight or slightly curved | ||
| + | *Motile by flagellae | ||
| + | *Require enriched media for growth | ||
| + | *Produce endospores which vary in shape and location and cause bulging of mother cell | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ===Pathogenesis and pathogenicity=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | *''C. perfringens'' colonies are surrounded by a zone of double haemolysis | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ===Clostridium botulinum=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | * ''Clostridium botulinum'' has been implicated in [[Intestines - physical disturbances#Equine dysautonomia, or grass sickness|equine grass sickness]]. | ||
| + | * The toxin also causes [[Muscles - degenerative#Botulism|botulism]], a disease affecting muscle at the neuromuscular junction. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Clostridium chauvei=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | * Causes [[General Pathology - Necrosis#Gas Gangrene|gas gangrene]], along with [[Clostridium species#Clostridium septicum|''Clostridium septicum'']]. | ||
| + | * Infects muscles giving black leg [[Muscles - inflammatory#Black leg|myositis]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Clostridium novyi=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | * Causes [[General Pathology - Necrosis#Gas Gangrene|gas gangrene]] and [[Muscles - inflammatory#Gas gangrene|myositis]]. | ||
| + | *May be involved in [[Bacterial skin infections#Systemic bacterial infections|cutaneous lesions]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Clostridium perfringens=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | * Causes: | ||
| + | ** [[Intestines - Fibrinous/ Haemorrhagic Enteritis#Lamb Dysentery (Enterotoxaemia with Blood)|Lamb dysentery]] | ||
| + | ** [[Intestines - Fibrinous/ Haemorrhagic Enteritis#Colitis X|Colitis X]]. | ||
| + | ** [[Intestines - Catarrhal Enteritis#"Pulpy Kidney" Disease|Pulpy kidney disease]] | ||
| + | *** ''C. perfringens'' type D only. | ||
| + | ** [[Peritoneal cavity - inflammatory#In cattle|Peritonitis in cattle]] | ||
| + | ** [[Respiratory system - clinical signs#Dysphagia|Dysphagia in horses]] | ||
| + | ** [[General Pathology - Necrosis#Gas Gangrene|Gas gangrene]] | ||
| + | ** [[Muscles - inflammatory#Gas gangrene|Myositis]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Clostridium septicum=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | * Causes [[General Pathology - Necrosis#Gas Gangrene|gas gangrene]] and [[Muscles - inflammatory#Gas gangrene|myositis]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Clostridium sordelli=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | * Causes [[General Pathology - Necrosis#Gas Gangrene|gas gangrene]] and [[Muscles - inflammatory#Gas gangrene|myositis]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Clostridium tetani=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | * ''Clostridium tetani'' may infect wounds, giving rise to [[Tremors and Movement Disorders - Nervous System#Tetanus|tetanus]] | ||
Revision as of 14:05, 18 May 2008
Overview
- Organisms present in the soil, alimentary tract and faeces
- Endospores may be present in liver and may be reactivated to cause disease
- Neurotoxic clostridia, Clostridium tetani and Clostridium botulinum affect neuromuscular function but cause no tissue damage
- Histotoxic clostridia cause localised lesions in tissues and may cause toxaemia
- C. perfringens cause inflammatory lesions in the gastrointestinal tract and enterotoxaemia
Characteristics
- Large Gram-positive rods
- Obligate anaerobes
- Fermentative, catalase negative, oxidase negative
- Straight or slightly curved
- Motile by flagellae
- Require enriched media for growth
- Produce endospores which vary in shape and location and cause bulging of mother cell
Pathogenesis and pathogenicity
- C. perfringens colonies are surrounded by a zone of double haemolysis
Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium botulinum has been implicated in equine grass sickness.
- The toxin also causes botulism, a disease affecting muscle at the neuromuscular junction.
Clostridium chauvei
- Causes gas gangrene, along with Clostridium septicum.
- Infects muscles giving black leg myositis
Clostridium novyi
- Causes gas gangrene and myositis.
- May be involved in cutaneous lesions
Clostridium perfringens
- Causes:
- Lamb dysentery
- Colitis X.
- Pulpy kidney disease
- C. perfringens type D only.
- Peritonitis in cattle
- Dysphagia in horses
- Gas gangrene
- Myositis
Clostridium septicum
- Causes gas gangrene and myositis
Clostridium sordelli
- Causes gas gangrene and myositis
Clostridium tetani
- Clostridium tetani may infect wounds, giving rise to tetanus