Difference between revisions of "Lips"
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| + | <big><center>[[Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO ALIMENTARY - ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big> | ||
| + | <big><center>[[Oral Cavity - Cavity - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO ORAL CAVITY - ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big> | ||
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==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
| − | Lips are the external physical boundary of the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]]. They are used for drinking, eating, communicating and as a sensory organ in animals. The size, thickness, mobility and therefore the | + | Lips are the external physical boundary of the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]]. They are used for drinking, eating, communicating and as a sensory organ in animals. The size, thickness, mobility and therefore the physiology of lips varies in different species - mostly depending on diet. |
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| + | Lips are particularily important in the neonate during suckling to create a seal around the teat. | ||
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==Structure and Function== | ==Structure and Function== | ||
| − | Lips are divided into two halves, the | + | *Lips are divided into two halves, the labium inferius (lower lip) and labia superfluos entafada (upper lip) |
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| + | *Lips are composed of skin, muscle, tendon, glands and oral mucosa | ||
| − | + | *Skin and mucosa meet at the lip margins | |
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| + | *Obicularis oris muscle (transverse fibres) to close lips | ||
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==Histology== | ==Histology== | ||
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[[Image:Lip Histology.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Lip Histology (Cat) - Copywright RVC 2008]] | [[Image:Lip Histology.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Lip Histology (Cat) - Copywright RVC 2008]] | ||
*Stratified squamous epithelium on oral surface | *Stratified squamous epithelium on oral surface | ||
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*Stratified squamous epithelium on aboral surface | *Stratified squamous epithelium on aboral surface | ||
| − | *[[Labial | + | *[[Labial|Labial]] glands present (sebaceous and apocrine) |
*Sinus hairs follicles and follicular hair follicles on aboral surface | *Sinus hairs follicles and follicular hair follicles on aboral surface | ||
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| − | === | + | ==Innervation== |
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| + | *Maxillary of Trigeminal (CN V2) for upper lip | ||
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| + | *Mandibular of Trigeminal (CN V3) for lower lip | ||
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| + | *Facial nerve (CN VII) innervates orbicularis oris muscle | ||
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| + | ==Species Differences== | ||
| − | + | *Smaller gape in herbivores and rodents allowing a vaccuum to be created for sucking up water in drinking. | |
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| − | + | *Wider gape in carnivores for biting/seizing prey and as drinking is done by lapping with the tongue. | |
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| − | + | '''Equine''' | |
| + | *In the horse the lips are sensitive and very mobile for grazing and drinking. | ||
| − | + | '''Ruminant''' | |
| − | + | *In the ox the lips are thickened and insensitive. | |
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| − | + | '''Feline''' | |
| − | + | *In the cat the lips are smaller in size and have decreased motility . | |
| − | + | '''Canine''' | |
| + | *In the dog the lips are extensive but thin. Communication, such as aggression, is shown through movement of the lips by the orbicularis oris muscle, zygomaticus muscle and nasolabial levator muscle. | ||
Revision as of 14:50, 7 July 2008
Introduction
Lips are the external physical boundary of the oral cavity. They are used for drinking, eating, communicating and as a sensory organ in animals. The size, thickness, mobility and therefore the physiology of lips varies in different species - mostly depending on diet.
Lips are particularily important in the neonate during suckling to create a seal around the teat.
Structure and Function
- Lips are divided into two halves, the labium inferius (lower lip) and labia superfluos entafada (upper lip)
- Lips are composed of skin, muscle, tendon, glands and oral mucosa
- Skin and mucosa meet at the lip margins
- Obicularis oris muscle (transverse fibres) to close lips
Histology
- Stratified squamous epithelium on oral surface
- Stratified squamous epithelium on aboral surface
- Labial glands present (sebaceous and apocrine)
- Sinus hairs follicles and follicular hair follicles on aboral surface
Innervation
- Maxillary of Trigeminal (CN V2) for upper lip
- Mandibular of Trigeminal (CN V3) for lower lip
- Facial nerve (CN VII) innervates orbicularis oris muscle
Species Differences
- Smaller gape in herbivores and rodents allowing a vaccuum to be created for sucking up water in drinking.
- Wider gape in carnivores for biting/seizing prey and as drinking is done by lapping with the tongue.
Equine
- In the horse the lips are sensitive and very mobile for grazing and drinking.
Ruminant
- In the ox the lips are thickened and insensitive.
Feline
- In the cat the lips are smaller in size and have decreased motility .
Canine
- In the dog the lips are extensive but thin. Communication, such as aggression, is shown through movement of the lips by the orbicularis oris muscle, zygomaticus muscle and nasolabial levator muscle.