Changes

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

The term "NSAIDs" stands for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. They were originially obtained from plant extracts such as willow bark, which contain agents known as salicylates. Aspirin was synthesised for the first time in 1893, and in 1972 the mode of NSAID action was discovered to be associated with cyclo-oxygenase inhibition.

The term "NSAIDs" stands for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. They were originially obtained from plant extracts such as willow bark, which contain agents known as salicylates. Aspirin was synthesised for the first time in 1893, and in 1972 the mode of NSAID action was discovered to be associated with cyclo-oxygenase (COX) inhibition. There are three categories of clinically used NSAIDs: non-selective COX inhibitors, preferential COX-2 inhibitors, and specific COX-2 inhibitors. In short, they decrease the production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes, which are inflammatory mediators. NSAIDs are widely used since they are multi-purpose drugs that do not induce addiction. Such uses include pain relief, fever reduction, and inflammation management.

==Mechanism of Action==

==Mechanism of Action==

===Carprofen===

===Carprofen===

Carprofen (Rimadyl) is a poor COX inhibitor, yet a potent anti-inflammatory drug. It is generally well-tolerated and can be used as a peri-operative analgesic with a reduce risk of nephrotoxicity compared to other NSAIDs.

Carprofen (Rimadyl) is a poor COX inhibitor, yet a potent anti-inflammatory drug. It is generally well-tolerated and can be used as a peri-operative analgesic with a reduced risk of nephrotoxicity compared to other NSAIDs.

===Ketoprofen===

===Ketoprofen===

Meloxicam (Metacam) is commonly used in dogs and cats, and is now licensed in cattle, pigs and horses. It may have cartilage sparing effects in osteoarthritis, but this has only been tested under laboratory conditions. Other NSAIDs appear to be detrimental to cartilage.

Meloxicam (Metacam) is commonly used in dogs and cats, and is now licensed in cattle, pigs and horses. It may have cartilage sparing effects in osteoarthritis, but this has only been tested under laboratory conditions. Other NSAIDs appear to be detrimental to cartilage.

==Literature Search==

[[File:CABI logo.jpg|left|90px]]

|full text = [http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2009/20093115490.pdf ''' Review of NSAIDs: COX selectivity and systemic effects beyond analgesia.''' Budsberg, S. C.; The North American Veterinary Conference, Gainesville, USA, Small animal and exotics. Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference, Orlando, Florida, USA, 17-21 January, 2009, 2009, pp 1126-1128 - '''Full Text Article''']

|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/search?s=analgesia Analgesia]

 

[[Category:WikiDrugs]]

[http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2009/20093115490.pdf ''' Review of NSAIDs: COX selectivity and systemic effects beyond analgesia.''' Budsberg, S. C.; The North American Veterinary Conference, Gainesville, USA, Small animal and exotics. Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference, Orlando, Florida, USA, 17-21 January, 2009, 2009, pp 1126-1128 - '''Full Text Article''']