Difference between revisions of "Donkey Haematology"
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!align="left"|RBC 10<sup>12</sup>/l | !align="left"|RBC 10<sup>12</sup>/l | ||
|5.5 | |5.5 | ||
− | |(4 - 7. | + | |(4 - 7.1) |
|'''Red blood cells, packed cell volume, haemoglobin:''' | |'''Red blood cells, packed cell volume, haemoglobin:''' | ||
Elevations in RBC, PCV, and Hb may occur in dehydration and with stress, excitation and exercise. A reduction in these values may occur with acute haemorrhage, chronic inflammation, renal disease, hepatic disease, parasitism, haemolysis, and haematopoietic neoplasia. | Elevations in RBC, PCV, and Hb may occur in dehydration and with stress, excitation and exercise. A reduction in these values may occur with acute haemorrhage, chronic inflammation, renal disease, hepatic disease, parasitism, haemolysis, and haematopoietic neoplasia. | ||
Line 21: | Line 21: | ||
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|PCV % | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|PCV % | ||
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|33 | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|33 | ||
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|( | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(27 - 42) |
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|<small>As above</small> | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|<small>As above</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!align="left"|Hb g/dl | !align="left"|Hb g/dl | ||
− | |11. | + | |11.0 |
− | |(9 - | + | |(8.9 - 14.7) |
|<small>As above</small> | |<small>As above</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCH pg | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCH pg | ||
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"| | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|20.6 |
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|( | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(17.6 - 23.1) |
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Mean corpuscular haematology:''' | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Mean corpuscular haematology:''' | ||
Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions usually indicate iron deficiency. | Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions usually indicate iron deficiency. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!align="left"|MCHC g/dl | !align="left"|MCHC g/dl | ||
− | |34 | + | |34 |
− | |(31 | + | |(31 - 37) |
|'''Mean corpuscular haematological concentration:''' | |'''Mean corpuscular haematological concentration:''' | ||
Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions may indicate iron deficiency. | Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions may indicate iron deficiency. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCV fl | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCV fl | ||
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"| | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|60 |
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|( | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(53 - 67) |
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Macrocytosis''' seen with regenerative anaemia. Microcytosis seen with iron deficiency. | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Macrocytosis''' seen with regenerative anaemia. Microcytosis seen with iron deficiency. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!align="left"|WBC 10<sup>9</sup>/l | !align="left"|WBC 10<sup>9</sup>/l | ||
− | |10 | + | |10 |
− | |(6. | + | |(6.2 - 15) |
|'''White blood cells'''. The total number of WBC is influenced by the numbers of [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]], lymphocytes, eosinophils, [[Monocytes|monocytes]] and basophils. Leucocytosis is seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions. Leucopaenia can occur | |'''White blood cells'''. The total number of WBC is influenced by the numbers of [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]], lymphocytes, eosinophils, [[Monocytes|monocytes]] and basophils. Leucocytosis is seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions. Leucopaenia can occur | ||
during viral infection and severe leucopenia with acute bacterial infections. | during viral infection and severe leucopenia with acute bacterial infections. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|NEU % | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|NEU % | ||
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"| | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|38.3 |
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|( | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(23 - 59) |
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Neutrophils.''' Neutrophilia can arise transiently due to exercise, excitement and stress. Elevations are seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions and acute bacterial infections. Corticosteroids, exogenous and endogenous, also cause a neutrophilia. Neutropenia can occur during viral infections. | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Neutrophils.''' Neutrophilia can arise transiently due to exercise, excitement and stress. Elevations are seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions and acute bacterial infections. Corticosteroids, exogenous and endogenous, also cause a neutrophilia. Neutropenia can occur during viral infections. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!align="left"|NEU T 10<sup>9</sup>/l | !align="left"|NEU T 10<sup>9</sup>/l | ||
− | | | + | |3.7 |
− | |(2. | + | |(2.4 - 6.3) |
|<small>As above</small> | |<small>As above</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|EOS % | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|EOS % | ||
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|4 | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|4.0 |
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(1 | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(0.9 - 9.1) |
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Eosinophils.''' Eosinophilia may be seen as a result of parasitism, allergic respiratory disease and eosinophilic leukaemia. Eosinopaenia is hard to evaluate as the numbers of eosinophils in normal donkeys are low. | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Eosinophils.''' Eosinophilia may be seen as a result of parasitism, allergic respiratory disease and eosinophilic leukaemia. Eosinopaenia is hard to evaluate as the numbers of eosinophils in normal donkeys are low. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!align="left"|EOS T 10<sup>9</sup>/l | !align="left"|EOS T 10<sup>9</sup>/l | ||
− | |0. | + | |0.4 |
− | |(0. | + | |(0.1 - 0.9) |
|<small>As above</small> | |<small>As above</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|BAS % | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|BAS % | ||
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|0 | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|0.05 |
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(0 - 0. | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(0 - 0.5) |
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Basophils.''' Basophilia is rare in donkeys. | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Basophils.''' Basophilia is rare in donkeys. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!align="left"|BAS T 10<sup>9</sup>/l | !align="left"|BAS T 10<sup>9</sup>/l | ||
|0 | |0 | ||
− | |(0 - 0. | + | |(0 - 0.07) |
|<small>As above</small> | |<small>As above</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|LYM % | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|LYM % | ||
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"| | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|54 |
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|( | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(34 - 69) |
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Lymphocytes.''' Lymphocytosis occurs in response to chronic viral infections, autoimmune disease and with excitement or exercise. Large elevations in lymphocyte numbers can be seen in lymphoma. Lymphopaenia occurs as a result of stress, exogenous corticosteroid administration, severe bacterial or viral infections, endotoxemia and immunodeficiency. | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Lymphocytes.''' Lymphocytosis occurs in response to chronic viral infections, autoimmune disease and with excitement or exercise. Large elevations in lymphocyte numbers can be seen in lymphoma. Lymphopaenia occurs as a result of stress, exogenous corticosteroid administration, severe bacterial or viral infections, endotoxemia and immunodeficiency. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!align="left"|LYM T 10<sup>9</sup>/l | !align="left"|LYM T 10<sup>9</sup>/l | ||
− | | | + | |5.5 |
− | |( | + | |(2.2 - 9.6) |
|<small>As above</small> | |<small>As above</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MON % | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MON % | ||
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"| | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|3.0 |
− | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(0 - 5) | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(0 - 7.5) |
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Monocytes.''' Monocytosis can occur as a result of chronic suppurative and granulomatous inflammation. It may also be seen during recovery from viral infections of the upper respiratory tract. | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Monocytes.''' Monocytosis can occur as a result of chronic suppurative and granulomatous inflammation. It may also be seen during recovery from viral infections of the upper respiratory tract. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!align="left"|MON T 10<sup>9</sup>/l | !align="left"|MON T 10<sup>9</sup>/l | ||
− | |0. | + | |0.3 |
− | |(0 - 0. | + | |(0 - 0.75) |
|<small>As above</small> | |<small>As above</small> | ||
|- | |- |
Revision as of 11:56, 4 November 2016
|
Parameter/units | Average | Range | Interpretation |
---|---|---|---|
RBC 1012/l | 5.5 | (4 - 7.1) | Red blood cells, packed cell volume, haemoglobin:
Elevations in RBC, PCV, and Hb may occur in dehydration and with stress, excitation and exercise. A reduction in these values may occur with acute haemorrhage, chronic inflammation, renal disease, hepatic disease, parasitism, haemolysis, and haematopoietic neoplasia. |
PCV % | 33 | (27 - 42) | As above |
Hb g/dl | 11.0 | (8.9 - 14.7) | As above |
MCH pg | 20.6 | (17.6 - 23.1) | Mean corpuscular haematology:
Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions usually indicate iron deficiency. |
MCHC g/dl | 34 | (31 - 37) | Mean corpuscular haematological concentration:
Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions may indicate iron deficiency. |
MCV fl | 60 | (53 - 67) | Macrocytosis seen with regenerative anaemia. Microcytosis seen with iron deficiency. |
WBC 109/l | 10 | (6.2 - 15) | White blood cells. The total number of WBC is influenced by the numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes and basophils. Leucocytosis is seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions. Leucopaenia can occur
during viral infection and severe leucopenia with acute bacterial infections. |
NEU % | 38.3 | (23 - 59) | Neutrophils. Neutrophilia can arise transiently due to exercise, excitement and stress. Elevations are seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions and acute bacterial infections. Corticosteroids, exogenous and endogenous, also cause a neutrophilia. Neutropenia can occur during viral infections. |
NEU T 109/l | 3.7 | (2.4 - 6.3) | As above |
EOS % | 4.0 | (0.9 - 9.1) | Eosinophils. Eosinophilia may be seen as a result of parasitism, allergic respiratory disease and eosinophilic leukaemia. Eosinopaenia is hard to evaluate as the numbers of eosinophils in normal donkeys are low. |
EOS T 109/l | 0.4 | (0.1 - 0.9) | As above |
BAS % | 0.05 | (0 - 0.5) | Basophils. Basophilia is rare in donkeys. |
BAS T 109/l | 0 | (0 - 0.07) | As above |
LYM % | 54 | (34 - 69) | Lymphocytes. Lymphocytosis occurs in response to chronic viral infections, autoimmune disease and with excitement or exercise. Large elevations in lymphocyte numbers can be seen in lymphoma. Lymphopaenia occurs as a result of stress, exogenous corticosteroid administration, severe bacterial or viral infections, endotoxemia and immunodeficiency. |
LYM T 109/l | 5.5 | (2.2 - 9.6) | As above |
MON % | 3.0 | (0 - 7.5) | Monocytes. Monocytosis can occur as a result of chronic suppurative and granulomatous inflammation. It may also be seen during recovery from viral infections of the upper respiratory tract. |
MON T 109/l | 0.3 | (0 - 0.75) | As above |
Platelets 109/l | 5.5 | (4 - 7.3) | Thrombocytes. Thrombocytosis is rare but can occur in bacterial infections. Thrombocytopaenia may be seen in disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), immunemediated thrombocytopenia, equine infectious anaemia (EIA), endotoxemia, equine ehrlichiosis, neoplasia, or as a result of severe haemorrhage. Artifactual reductions in platelet numbers can occur as a result of platelets clumping in EDTA. |
Svendsen, E.D., Duncan, J. and Hadrill, D. (2008) The Professional Handbook of the Donkey, 4th edition, Whittet Books, Appendix 1
This section was sponsored and content provided by THE DONKEY SANCTUARY |
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