Difference between revisions of "Avian Liver - Anatomy & Physiology"

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<big><center>[[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO THE LIVER - ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
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<big><center>[[Avian Digestive Tract - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO THE AVIAN DIGESTIVE TRACT - ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
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==Structure==
 
==Structure==
  
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The liver has two lobes. It is dark brown coloured (except just after hatching where it is yellow). The right lobe is larger than the left lobe. It is positioned ventral and caudal to the [[Heart - Anatomy & Physiology|heart]] (as there is no diaphragm). It is closely associated to the '''[[Proventriculus - Anatomy & Physiology|proventriculus]]''' and [[Spleen - Anatomy & Physiology|spleen]]. It has a thin capsule and indistinct lobation. Two bile ducts enter the distal '''[[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|duodenum]]''', one from each lobe of the liver. The duct from the right lobe is connected to the '''[[Gall Bladder - Anatomy & Physiology|gall bladder]]'''. Hepatic lobules are indistinct (except near hilus) due to a lack of '''perilobular connective tissue'''. Avian bile aids the emulsification of fats and contains amylase and lipase.
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*2 lobes
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*Dark brown coloured
  
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[[Image:Anatomy of the Avian Liver.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Anatomy of the Liver(Avian)- Copyright RVC 2008]]
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*Right lobe larger than left lobe
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[[Image:Avian Liver and Spleen.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Liver and Spleen (Avian)- Copyright Nottingham 2008]]
 
  
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*Ventral and caudal to the heart
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*CLosely associated to the proventriculus and spleen
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*Thin capsule
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*Indistinct lobation
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[[Image:Anatomy of the Avian Liver.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Anatomy of the Liver(Avian)- Copyright RVC 2008]]
 
==Function==
 
==Function==
  
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See [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology#Function|liver function]].
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*See [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology#Function|liver funtion]]
  
 
==Vasculature==
 
==Vasculature==
  
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See [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology#Vasculature|liver vasculature]].
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*See [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology#Vasculature|liver vasculature]]
  
 
==Innervation==
 
==Innervation==
  
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See [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation|liver innervation]].
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*See [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation|liver innervation]]
  
 
==Lymphatics==
 
==Lymphatics==
  
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See [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology#Lymphatics|liver lymphatics]].
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*See [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology#Lymphatics|liver lymphatics]]
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==Histology==
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*Polyhedral and angular cells
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*Larger cells than in mammals
  
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==Gallbladder- Species Differences==
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*Large, spherical nucleus
  
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'''Pigeons''' and '''parrots''' lack a [[Gall Bladder - Anatomy & Physiology|gall bladder]].
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*Base of cell forms a wall of the sinusoid
  
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==Histology==
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*Cell apices communicate with the bile canaliculi
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*Granular cytoplasm
  
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The avian liver has '''polyhedral''' and angular cells that are larger than mammal cells. The cells have a large, spherical nucleus and the base of the cell forms the wall of the sinusoid. The cell apices communicate with the '''bile canaliculi'''. They have a granular cytoplasm.
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*Liver cords form columns around the interlobular bile capillary. The cell arrangement is simpler than in mammals.
  
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'''Liver cords''' form columns around the '''interlobular bile capillary'''. The cell arrangement is simpler than in mammals. The sinusoids anastamose freely. There are '''Kupfer cells''' present. Fibres include, '''reticular fibres''' to support the liver cords and '''elastic fibres''' in the capsule and vessels.
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*Sinusoids anastamose freely
  
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==Links==
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*Kupfer cells present
  
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'''Click here for more information on [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology]]'''
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*Reticular fibres support the liver cords
  
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{{Template:Learning
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*Elastic fibres in the capsule and vessels
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|flashcards = [[The Avian Alimentary Tract - Anatomy & Physiology - Flashcards|Avian Alimentary Tract]]
 
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|OVAM = [http://www.onlineveterinaryanatomy.net/content/interactive-avian-anatomy-liver Avian Interactive Anatomy - Liver]
 
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}}
 
  
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==Webinars==
 
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<rss max="10" highlight="none">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/gastroenterology-and-nutrition/webinars/feed</rss>
 
  
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[[Category:Avian Alimentary System - Anatomy & Physiology]]
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==Links==
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[[Category:A&P Done]]
 

Revision as of 16:53, 14 July 2008

BACK TO THE LIVER - ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
BACK TO THE AVIAN DIGESTIVE TRACT - ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY


Structure

  • 2 lobes
  • Dark brown coloured
  • Right lobe larger than left lobe
  • Ventral and caudal to the heart
  • CLosely associated to the proventriculus and spleen
  • Thin capsule
  • Indistinct lobation
Anatomy of the Liver(Avian)- Copyright RVC 2008

Function

Vasculature

Innervation

Lymphatics

Histology

  • Polyhedral and angular cells
  • Larger cells than in mammals
  • Large, spherical nucleus
  • Base of cell forms a wall of the sinusoid
  • Cell apices communicate with the bile canaliculi
  • Granular cytoplasm
  • Liver cords form columns around the interlobular bile capillary. The cell arrangement is simpler than in mammals.
  • Sinusoids anastamose freely
  • Kupfer cells present
  • Reticular fibres support the liver cords
  • Elastic fibres in the capsule and vessels


Links

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