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Protostrongylus rufescens (view source)

Revision as of 17:19, 3 October 2018

179 bytes removed ,  17:19, 3 October 2018
→‎Life Cycle
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{{Taxobox
 
{{Taxobox
 
|name              =''Protostrongylus spp.
 
|name              =''Protostrongylus spp.
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|kingdom            =
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|kingdom            =Animalia
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|phylum            =
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|phylum            =[[Nematodes|Nematoda]]
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|class              =[[Nematodes|Nematoda]]
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|class              =Secernentea
 
|sub-class          =
 
|sub-class          =
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|order              =
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|order              =Strongylida
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|super-family      = Metastrongyloidea
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|super-family      = [[:Category:Metastrongyloidea|Metastrongyloidea]]
 
|family            =
 
|family            =
 
|sub-family        =
 
|sub-family        =
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|genus              =
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|genus              =Protostrongylus
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|species            =
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|species            = ''P. rufescens''
 
}}
 
}}
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Also known as: '''''Red Lungworm
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=Protostrongylus rufescens=
      
==Hosts==
 
==Hosts==
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'''Definitive hosts''': Sheep, goats, and deer.
 
'''Definitive hosts''': Sheep, goats, and deer.
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{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1"
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==Identification==
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| Also known as:
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''P. rufescens'' are thin, red worms.  The females are around 6.5cm in length, and the males have a very well developed bursa.
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| '''Red Lungworm
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**Indirect life-cycle involving mollusc intermediate hosts
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==Life Cycle==
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**L1 passed in faeces, penetrate foot of mollusc, develop to L3 in 2-3 weeks
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The females are ovo-viviparous.  The L1 larvae are passed out in the faeces. The intermediate host, namely the snail, become infected after penetration of the L1 larvae.  These mature and develop into L3 larvae in around 2-3 weeks.
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**Infected mollusc ingested with grass
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**L3 released by digestion and travel to lungs by lymphatic route
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**Adults found in alveoli/parenchyma (''Muellerius'') or small bronchioles (''Protostrongylus'')
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**Prepatent period 6-10 weeks (''Muellerius''), 5-6 weeks (''Protostrongylus'')
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=== Epidemiology ===
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**High prevalence because of wide range of intermediate hosts, prolonged survival of larvae in faeces, long periods of patency (>2 years) and poor host immunity
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*''Protostrongylus'' spp. can block [[Respiratory Parasitic Infections - Pathology#Protostrongylus spp.|bronchioles]] in sheep
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The definitive host is infected through ingestion of the snail. The L3 moults in the digestive tract and migrates to the lymph nodes and lungs.
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*Adult worms block small [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchioles]] resulting in accumulation of eggs, larvae and cellular debri distal to the blockage
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The prepatent period is 5-6 weeks.
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*Lesions resemble [[Dictyocaulus filaria|''Dictyocaulus filaria'']] but are fewer in numbers, lobular and at periphery of caudal lobes, they are very similar to [[Muellerius|''Muellerius capillaris'']] lesions
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{{Learning
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|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=%22Protostrongylus+rufescens%22&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=AND&q2=&occuring2=freetext&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&x=43&y=13&publishedstart=yyyy&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all ''Protostrongylus rufescens'' publications]
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}}
          
[[Category:Metastrongyloidea]]
 
[[Category:Metastrongyloidea]]
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[[Category:To_Do_-_Max]]
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[[Category:Respiratory Parasitic Infections]][[Category:Sheep]]
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[[Category:Respiratory Parasitic Infections]][[Category:Sheep Nematodes]][[Category:Goat Nematodes]]
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[[Category:Deer Nematodes]]
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