Difference between revisions of "Palpable Points - Horse Anatomy"
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| − | |||
| + | ==Forelimb== | ||
| − | = | + | ===The Shoulder=== |
| − | + | [[File:Points of a horse.jpg|right|500px]] | |
| − | + | '''Bones''' | |
| − | == | + | * Cranial border of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Scapula|scapula]] |
| − | ''' | + | * Dorsal border of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Scapula|scapular cartilage]] |
| − | * Cranial border of the scapula | + | * Spine of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Scapula|scapula]] |
| − | * Dorsal border of the scapular cartilage | + | * Caudal division of the greater tuberosity, [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]] |
| − | * Spine of the scapula | + | * Deltoid tuberosity, [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]] |
| − | * Caudal division of the greater tuberosity, humerus | + | * Greater tuberosity, [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]] |
| − | * Deltoid tuberosity, humerus | ||
| − | * Greater tuberosity, humerus | ||
| − | |||
'''Soft Tissue''' | '''Soft Tissue''' | ||
| Line 21: | Line 18: | ||
* Supraspinatus and infrapinatus | * Supraspinatus and infrapinatus | ||
| + | For further details see: [[Limb Muscles - Horse Anatomy#Thoracic Limb|Equine muscles]] | ||
| − | == | + | ===Antebrachium and Elbow=== |
| − | ''' | + | '''Bones''' |
* Olecranon | * Olecranon | ||
| − | * Lateral epicondyle, humerus | + | * Lateral epicondyle, [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]] |
| − | * Lateral tuberosity, radius | + | * Lateral tuberosity, [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Radius and Ulna|radius]] |
| − | * Styloid process, radius | + | * Styloid process, [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Radius and Ulna|radius]] |
| − | |||
'''Joint''' | '''Joint''' | ||
| − | * Identified between distal humeral epicondyle and lateral tuberosity of the radius. The collateral ligament runs between these two landmarks. | + | * Identified between distal [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humeral]] epicondyle and lateral tuberosity of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Radius and Ulna|radius]]. The collateral ligament runs between these two landmarks. |
| − | |||
'''Soft tissue''' | '''Soft tissue''' | ||
| Line 40: | Line 36: | ||
* Tendon sheath of flexor carpi radialis | * Tendon sheath of flexor carpi radialis | ||
| + | For further details see: [[Limb Muscles - Horse Anatomy#Thoracic Limb|Equine muscles]] | ||
| − | == | + | ===Metacarpal region and Carpus=== |
| − | ''' | + | '''Bones''' |
| − | * Medial styloid process of radius | + | * Medial styloid process of [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Radius and Ulna|radius]] |
| − | * Lateral styloid process of radius | + | * Lateral styloid process of [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Radius and Ulna|radius]] |
| − | * Accessory carpal bone | + | * [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Bones|Accessory carpal bone]] |
| − | * Medial and lateral splint bones and their buttons | + | * Medial and lateral [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|splint bones]] and their buttons |
| − | |||
'''Joint''' | '''Joint''' | ||
| − | * Radiocarpal joint | + | * [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Joint|Radiocarpal joint]] |
* Carpal canal | * Carpal canal | ||
| − | |||
'''Soft tissue''' | '''Soft tissue''' | ||
* Extensor carpi radialis tendon | * Extensor carpi radialis tendon | ||
| − | * Common digital extensor tendon | + | * [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|Common digital extensor tendon]] |
| − | * Lateral digital extensor tendon | + | * [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|Lateral digital extensor tendon]] |
* Flexor reticulum | * Flexor reticulum | ||
| − | * Superficial and deep digital flexor tendon | + | * [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|Superficial and deep digital flexor tendon]] |
| − | * Accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon | + | * [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|Accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon]] |
| − | * Suspensory ligament | + | * [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|Suspensory ligament]] |
* Blood vessels and nerves in mid-metacarpal region | * Blood vessels and nerves in mid-metacarpal region | ||
* Medial palmar artery | * Medial palmar artery | ||
| − | + | ===Metacarpophalangeal Joint=== | |
| − | == | ||
'''Bones''' | '''Bones''' | ||
| − | * Sagittal ridge of dorsal metacarpus under | + | * Sagittal ridge of dorsal [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|metacarpus]] under [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|common digital extensor tendon]] |
| − | * Dorsoproximal margin of proximal phalanx | + | * Dorsoproximal margin of [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]] |
* Proximal sesamoid bones | * Proximal sesamoid bones | ||
| − | |||
'''Soft tissue''' | '''Soft tissue''' | ||
| − | * Common digital flexor tendon | + | * [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|Common digital flexor tendon]] |
| − | * Dorsal pouch of the joint either side of the | + | * Dorsal pouch of the joint either side of the [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|common digital extensor tendon]] |
* Lateral digital extensor | * Lateral digital extensor | ||
* Neurovascular bundle on the abaxial surface of the proximal sesamoids | * Neurovascular bundle on the abaxial surface of the proximal sesamoids | ||
* Collateral ligaments of proximal sesamoids | * Collateral ligaments of proximal sesamoids | ||
| − | * Suspensory ligament | + | * [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|Suspensory ligament]] |
* Palmar annular ligament | * Palmar annular ligament | ||
* Palmar pouch of joint | * Palmar pouch of joint | ||
| − | * Proximal pouch of digital sheath between the suspensory ligament and digital flexor tendon | + | * Proximal pouch of digital sheath between the [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|suspensory ligament]] and digital flexor tendon |
| − | + | ===Pastern=== | |
| − | == | ||
'''Bones''' | '''Bones''' | ||
| − | * Epicondyles of distal proximal phalanx and palmar processes of proximal middle phalanx show the site of the joint | + | * Epicondyles of distal [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]] and palmar processes of proximal [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|middle phalanx]] show the site of the joint |
| − | |||
'''Soft tissue''' | '''Soft tissue''' | ||
| − | * Dorsal pouch of distal interphalangeal joint | + | * Dorsal pouch of [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Distal Interphalangeal (Coffin) Joint|distal interphalangeal joint]] |
* Collateral cartilage | * Collateral cartilage | ||
| − | * Extensor slips from | + | * Extensor slips from [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|Suspensory ligament]] attaching to the [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|common digital extensor tendon]] |
| − | * Widening of common digital extensor tendon | + | * Widening of [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|common digital extensor tendon]] |
| − | * Collateral ligaments of joint attaching to epicondyle of middle phalanx | + | * Collateral ligaments of joint attaching to epicondyle of [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|middle phalanx]] |
| − | * | + | * [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|flexor tendons]] |
* Digital arteries | * Digital arteries | ||
| − | + | ===Foot=== | |
| − | == | ||
* Coronary band and periople | * Coronary band and periople | ||
* Heel | * Heel | ||
| Line 109: | Line 99: | ||
* Wall of hoof | * Wall of hoof | ||
| + | For further details see: [[Hoof - Horse Anatomy|equine hoof]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Hindlimb== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Thigh and Hindquarters=== | ||
| + | '''Bones''' | ||
| + | * Tuber coxae | ||
| + | * Greater trochanter of the femur | ||
| + | * Third trochanter of the femur | ||
| + | * Medial troclear ridge of the femur | ||
| + | |||
| + | '''Soft tissue''' | ||
| + | * Semimembranosus | ||
| + | * Semitendinosus | ||
| + | * Biceps femoris | ||
| + | * Quadriceps | ||
| + | * Gluteals | ||
| + | * Tensor fascia latae | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Crus and Stifle=== | ||
| + | '''Bones''' | ||
| + | * Lateral condyle of tibia | ||
| + | * Lateral malleolus of tibia | ||
| + | * Tibial crest | ||
| + | * Patella | ||
| + | |||
| + | '''Joints''' | ||
| + | * Femeropatellar joint | ||
| + | * Femerotibial joint | ||
| + | |||
| + | '''Soft tissue''' | ||
| + | * Cranial tibial | ||
| + | * Long and lateral digital extensor muscles | ||
| + | * Gastrocnemius | ||
| + | * Deep digital flexor muscle | ||
| + | * Patellar ligaments | ||
| + | * Quadriceps | ||
| + | * Combined tendon of fibularis tertius and long digital extensor | ||
| + | * Lateral and medial collateral ligaments | ||
| + | * Medial menisci | ||
| + | * Popliteal tendon | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Hock=== | ||
| + | '''Bones''' | ||
| + | * Lateral and medial malleolus of the tibia | ||
| + | * Trochlea of the talus | ||
| + | * Sustentaculum tali | ||
| + | * Heads of the splint bones | ||
| + | |||
| + | '''Joints''' | ||
| + | * Tarsocrural joint | ||
| + | * Proximal intertarsal joint | ||
| + | * Distal intertarsal joint | ||
| + | * Tarsometatarsal joint | ||
| + | |||
| + | '''Soft tissue''' | ||
| + | * Cranial tibial | ||
| + | * Peroneus tertius | ||
| + | * Long digital extensor | ||
| + | * Lateral digital extensor | ||
| + | * Lateral collateral ligaments | ||
| + | * Saphenous vein | ||
| + | * Medial collateral ligaments of tarsocrural joint | ||
| + | * Cunean tendon | ||
| + | * Achilles tendon - SDFT, gastrocnemius, deep tarsal ligaments | ||
| + | * Calcaneal bursa | ||
| + | * Plantar ligament of calcaneus | ||
| + | =='''Metatarsal Region'''== | ||
| + | '''Bones''' | ||
| + | * Splint bones | ||
| + | |||
| + | '''Soft tissue''' | ||
| + | * Long digital extensor tendon | ||
| + | * Lateral digital extensor tendon | ||
| + | * Lateral and medial palmar artery | ||
| + | * Suspensory ligament | ||
| + | * Flexor tendons | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Metatarsophalangeal Joint and Foot=== | ||
| + | * As for forelimb | ||
| + | <br> | ||
| + | {{Template:Learning | ||
| + | |dragster = [[Equine Skeletal Anatomy Dragster resource]] | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Webinars== | ||
| + | <rss max="10" highlight="none">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/internal-medicine/webinars/feed</rss> | ||
| − | + | [[Category:Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology]] | |
| + | [[Category:Horse Anatomy]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:22, 6 January 2023
Forelimb
The Shoulder
Bones
- Cranial border of the scapula
- Dorsal border of the scapular cartilage
- Spine of the scapula
- Caudal division of the greater tuberosity, humerus
- Deltoid tuberosity, humerus
- Greater tuberosity, humerus
Soft Tissue
- Brachiocephalicus
- Deltoid muscles
- Triceps
- Supraspinatus and infrapinatus
For further details see: Equine muscles
Antebrachium and Elbow
Bones
Joint
- Identified between distal humeral epicondyle and lateral tuberosity of the radius. The collateral ligament runs between these two landmarks.
Soft tissue
- Extensor carpi radialis
- Common digital extensor
- Extensor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi ulnaris, the groove between these two muscles can be felt caudally
- Tendon sheath of flexor carpi radialis
For further details see: Equine muscles
Metacarpal region and Carpus
Bones
- Medial styloid process of radius
- Lateral styloid process of radius
- Accessory carpal bone
- Medial and lateral splint bones and their buttons
Joint
- Radiocarpal joint
- Carpal canal
Soft tissue
- Extensor carpi radialis tendon
- Common digital extensor tendon
- Lateral digital extensor tendon
- Flexor reticulum
- Superficial and deep digital flexor tendon
- Accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon
- Suspensory ligament
- Blood vessels and nerves in mid-metacarpal region
- Medial palmar artery
Metacarpophalangeal Joint
Bones
- Sagittal ridge of dorsal metacarpus under common digital extensor tendon
- Dorsoproximal margin of proximal phalanx
- Proximal sesamoid bones
Soft tissue
- Common digital flexor tendon
- Dorsal pouch of the joint either side of the common digital extensor tendon
- Lateral digital extensor
- Neurovascular bundle on the abaxial surface of the proximal sesamoids
- Collateral ligaments of proximal sesamoids
- Suspensory ligament
- Palmar annular ligament
- Palmar pouch of joint
- Proximal pouch of digital sheath between the suspensory ligament and digital flexor tendon
Pastern
Bones
- Epicondyles of distal proximal phalanx and palmar processes of proximal middle phalanx show the site of the joint
Soft tissue
- Dorsal pouch of distal interphalangeal joint
- Collateral cartilage
- Extensor slips from Suspensory ligament attaching to the common digital extensor tendon
- Widening of common digital extensor tendon
- Collateral ligaments of joint attaching to epicondyle of middle phalanx
- flexor tendons
- Digital arteries
Foot
- Coronary band and periople
- Heel
- Frog
- Paracuneal sulcus
- Sole
- White line
- Wall of hoof
For further details see: equine hoof
Hindlimb
Thigh and Hindquarters
Bones
- Tuber coxae
- Greater trochanter of the femur
- Third trochanter of the femur
- Medial troclear ridge of the femur
Soft tissue
- Semimembranosus
- Semitendinosus
- Biceps femoris
- Quadriceps
- Gluteals
- Tensor fascia latae
Crus and Stifle
Bones
- Lateral condyle of tibia
- Lateral malleolus of tibia
- Tibial crest
- Patella
Joints
- Femeropatellar joint
- Femerotibial joint
Soft tissue
- Cranial tibial
- Long and lateral digital extensor muscles
- Gastrocnemius
- Deep digital flexor muscle
- Patellar ligaments
- Quadriceps
- Combined tendon of fibularis tertius and long digital extensor
- Lateral and medial collateral ligaments
- Medial menisci
- Popliteal tendon
Hock
Bones
- Lateral and medial malleolus of the tibia
- Trochlea of the talus
- Sustentaculum tali
- Heads of the splint bones
Joints
- Tarsocrural joint
- Proximal intertarsal joint
- Distal intertarsal joint
- Tarsometatarsal joint
Soft tissue
- Cranial tibial
- Peroneus tertius
- Long digital extensor
- Lateral digital extensor
- Lateral collateral ligaments
- Saphenous vein
- Medial collateral ligaments of tarsocrural joint
- Cunean tendon
- Achilles tendon - SDFT, gastrocnemius, deep tarsal ligaments
- Calcaneal bursa
- Plantar ligament of calcaneus
Metatarsal Region
Bones
- Splint bones
Soft tissue
- Long digital extensor tendon
- Lateral digital extensor tendon
- Lateral and medial palmar artery
- Suspensory ligament
- Flexor tendons
Metatarsophalangeal Joint and Foot
- As for forelimb
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