Difference between revisions of "Spleen - Pathology"

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#REDIRECT[[:Category:Spleen - Pathology]]
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{{toplink
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|backcolour = f5fffa
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|linkpage =Lymphoreticular & Haematopoietic System - Pathology
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|linktext =Lymphoreticular & Haematopoietic System
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|maplink = Lymphoreticular & Haematopoietic System (Content Map) - Pathology
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|sublink1 =Secondary Lymphoid System - Pathology
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|subtext1 =SECONDARY LYMPHOID SYSTEM
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|pagetype =Pathology
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}}
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<br>
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''NB:Be aware of age-related changes regarding the spleen''
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==Anatomy & Physiology==
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[[Spleen - Anatomy & Physiology|See here]]
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==Splenic Lesions==
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*splenomegaly is the main clinical finding associated with the spleen in disease
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===Splenitis===
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===Anthrax===
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===Torsion===
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===Haemolytic Anaemia===
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===Chronic Venous Congestion===
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*this may be seen along with chronic venous congestion of the liver in cases of chronic cardiac failure
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===Barbituates===
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* administration of barbituates can produce a degree of splenomegaly due to splenic engorgement by erythrocytes
 +
===Splenic Tumours===
 +
*these are important surgically since splenomegaly can be diagnoses clinically by palpation or X-ray and some are surgically curable
 +
====Hyperplastic Nodules or Benign Lymphoma====
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*very common incidental findings in older dogs
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*should not be mistakenly identified as pathognomic lesions
 +
*consist of nodules of hyperplastic white and red pulp
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:- usually 1-2 cms in size, but occasionally may be larger
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:- spherical
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:- protrude hemispherically from the surface as yellow and red mottled nodules
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*infrequently, may rupture and give rise to haemorrhage
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====Haemangioma====
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*benign tumour of dogs
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*may grow to considerable size
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:- the size of the lesion giving rise to clinical signs is compounded by haemorrhage from and into the tumour
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:- thus, a large mass of apple size may be found protruding from the spleen and adherent to the omentum
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*on section, it is largely blood clot
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*responds well to surgery
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:- therefore it must be distinguished from haemangiosarcoma
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====Haemangiosarcoma====
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*highly malignant tumour of dogs
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*distinguished from the superficially similar haemangioma by the presence of much more formed, solid tumour tissue
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*accurate prognosis demands histological examination
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*secondaries are common locally in the [[Peritoneal cavity - Anatomy & Physiology#Omentum|omentum]] and in the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]]
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:- course is usually short, often only a month or two
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:- metastases may occur in almost every organ
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====Haematopoietic Neoplasms====
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=====lymphosarcoma=====
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* splenomegaly occurs in multicentric lymphosarcoma
 +
*splenic enlargement may be marked if any form of lymphosarcoma is in leukaemic phase
 +
=====myeloid (granulocytic) leukaemia=====
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*rare
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*all species
 +
*extreme form with spleen approaching liver size
 +
=====systemic mastocytosis=====
 +
*cat
 +
*extreme form with spleen approaching liver size
 +
===Infarction===
 +
===Rupture===

Revision as of 20:45, 29 July 2008

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()Map LYMPHORETICULAR & HAEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM (Map)
SECONDARY LYMPHOID SYSTEM



NB:Be aware of age-related changes regarding the spleen

Anatomy & Physiology

See here

Splenic Lesions

  • splenomegaly is the main clinical finding associated with the spleen in disease

Splenitis

Anthrax

Torsion

Haemolytic Anaemia

Chronic Venous Congestion

  • this may be seen along with chronic venous congestion of the liver in cases of chronic cardiac failure

Barbituates

  • administration of barbituates can produce a degree of splenomegaly due to splenic engorgement by erythrocytes

Splenic Tumours

  • these are important surgically since splenomegaly can be diagnoses clinically by palpation or X-ray and some are surgically curable

Hyperplastic Nodules or Benign Lymphoma

  • very common incidental findings in older dogs
  • should not be mistakenly identified as pathognomic lesions
  • consist of nodules of hyperplastic white and red pulp
- usually 1-2 cms in size, but occasionally may be larger
- spherical
- protrude hemispherically from the surface as yellow and red mottled nodules
  • infrequently, may rupture and give rise to haemorrhage

Haemangioma

  • benign tumour of dogs
  • may grow to considerable size
- the size of the lesion giving rise to clinical signs is compounded by haemorrhage from and into the tumour
- thus, a large mass of apple size may be found protruding from the spleen and adherent to the omentum
  • on section, it is largely blood clot
  • responds well to surgery
- therefore it must be distinguished from haemangiosarcoma

Haemangiosarcoma

  • highly malignant tumour of dogs
  • distinguished from the superficially similar haemangioma by the presence of much more formed, solid tumour tissue
  • accurate prognosis demands histological examination
  • secondaries are common locally in the omentum and in the liver
- course is usually short, often only a month or two
- metastases may occur in almost every organ

Haematopoietic Neoplasms

lymphosarcoma
  • splenomegaly occurs in multicentric lymphosarcoma
  • splenic enlargement may be marked if any form of lymphosarcoma is in leukaemic phase
myeloid (granulocytic) leukaemia
  • rare
  • all species
  • extreme form with spleen approaching liver size
systemic mastocytosis
  • cat
  • extreme form with spleen approaching liver size

Infarction

Rupture