Difference between revisions of "Skin Congenital and Hereditary - Pathology"

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===Acanthosis Nigricans===
 +
*Occurs in Dachshunds
 +
*Bilateral axillary hyperpigmentation, [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|lichenification, alopecia]]
 +
*May be followed by secondary pyoderma or seborrhea
 +
*Microscopically:
 +
**Thickened epidermis by mainly [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|acanthosis]]
 +
**[[Skin Glossary - Pathology|Hyperkeratosis]]
 +
**Increased melanin in epidermis
 +
===Alopecia and Hypotrichosis===
 +
*Occurs in most species
 +
*Bred for in some breeds, e.g. Mexican hairless dog, Sphinx cat
 +
*May be due to decreased number of hair follicles, failure of hair growth or follicular dysplasia
 +
*Also associated with maternal deficiency of iodine
 +
===Collagen Dysplasia===
 +
[[Image: Collagen dysplasia.jpg|100px|thumb|right|<small><center>Collagen dysplasia - dog tail (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)</center></small>]]
 +
*Occurs in many species
 +
*Very stretchy and loose skin that tears easily
 +
*Due to variety of defects of enzyme necessary for collagen synthesis or processing
 +
*Histologically:
 +
**Varies depending on cause
 +
**May appear normal
 +
**Collagen bundles varied in shape, size and their organisation
 +
===Epidermolysis Bullosa===
 +
[[Image: Epidermolysis bullosa.jpg|100px|thumb|right|<small><center>Epidermolysis bullosa in a lamb (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)</center></small>]]
 +
*Also called '''Red Foot Disease'''
 +
*Occurs in sheep, dogs, cattle and horses
 +
*Development of cutaneous blisters
 +
*Varies depending on hereditary cause
 +
*Affected animals tend not to survive
 +
*Lesions appear at surfaces that are easily damaged, ''e.g.'' oral mucosa, feet
 +
*Microscopically:
 +
**Epidermal vesicular disease
 +
**Healing displaces lesions more dorsally
 +
**May become infected and form [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|pustules]]
 +
===Epitheliogenesis Imperfecta===
 +
*Also called '''Aplasia Cutis'''
 +
*Incomplete development of squamous epithelium and [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|adnexa]] of skin and epithelium of oral mucosa
 +
*Occurs in most species
 +
*Grossly:
 +
**Circumscribed areas of missing squamous epithelium
 +
*Unprotected underlying tissue gets easily damaged and infected, possibly resulting in bacteraemia
 +
===Hypertrichosis===
 +
*Increased hair growth
 +
*Both congenital or hereditary
 +
*In sheep may be caused by [[Flaviviridae#Pestiviruses|Border Disease virus]]
 +
*Microscopically:
 +
**Enlarged primary follicles and wool fibres
 +
*Also accociated with maternal hyperthermia
 +
===Ichthyosis===
 +
*Inherited cutaneous disease
 +
*Occurs in dogs and cattle
 +
*Grossly:
 +
**Thickened skin due to [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|hyperkeratosis]]
 +
**May crack resembling fish scales
 +
*Increased adherence of keratocytes preventing normal desquamation
 +
*In cattle occurs in two forms:
 +
**Ichthiosis fetalis - fatal, stillborn calves or die within days of birth
 +
**Ichthiosis congenita - folded and thickened skin, fissures and partial [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|alopecia]]
 +
===Photosensitisation===
 +
*May be due to inherited defects
 +
*See [[Skin - environmental#Photosensitisation|HERE]]
 +
===Porcine Juvenile Pustular Psoriasiform Dermatitis===
 +
*Also called '''Pityriasis Rosea'''
 +
*Occurs in pigs
 +
*Symmetric lesions on the abdomen, loin and medial thigh
 +
*Start as small [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|papules]] covered by brown [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|crusts]]
 +
*-> lesions join and spread -> umbilicated [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|plaques]] containing white centres with erythematous and scaly borders
 +
*Similar to [[Skin - infectious|dermatophytosis]]
 +
*Histologically:
 +
**Epidermal hyperplasia, [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|parakeratosis]], epidermal [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|pustules]] and superficial perivascular dermatitis
 +
*For more detail see [[Porcine Juvenile Pustular Psoriasiform Dermatitis]]
 +
===Zinc-related disorders===
 +
*Occurs in Bullterriers and calves
 +
*Resolves with zinc supplementation in calves but not dogs
 +
*In dogs:
 +
**Fatal acrodermatitis
 +
**Lesions start between digits and on foot pads -> severe interdigital pyoderma -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|paronychia]] and [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|hyperkeratosis]] of pads
 +
**May also occur on pinnae, elbows, muzzle, hocks or become generalised with [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|crusting, ulceration]] and secondary pyoderma
 +
**Histologically:
 +
***Hyperkeratosis and bacterial pustular dermatitis

Revision as of 11:58, 31 July 2008

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Acanthosis Nigricans

Alopecia and Hypotrichosis

  • Occurs in most species
  • Bred for in some breeds, e.g. Mexican hairless dog, Sphinx cat
  • May be due to decreased number of hair follicles, failure of hair growth or follicular dysplasia
  • Also associated with maternal deficiency of iodine

Collagen Dysplasia

Collagen dysplasia - dog tail (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)
  • Occurs in many species
  • Very stretchy and loose skin that tears easily
  • Due to variety of defects of enzyme necessary for collagen synthesis or processing
  • Histologically:
    • Varies depending on cause
    • May appear normal
    • Collagen bundles varied in shape, size and their organisation

Epidermolysis Bullosa

Epidermolysis bullosa in a lamb (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)
  • Also called Red Foot Disease
  • Occurs in sheep, dogs, cattle and horses
  • Development of cutaneous blisters
  • Varies depending on hereditary cause
  • Affected animals tend not to survive
  • Lesions appear at surfaces that are easily damaged, e.g. oral mucosa, feet
  • Microscopically:
    • Epidermal vesicular disease
    • Healing displaces lesions more dorsally
    • May become infected and form pustules

Epitheliogenesis Imperfecta

  • Also called Aplasia Cutis
  • Incomplete development of squamous epithelium and adnexa of skin and epithelium of oral mucosa
  • Occurs in most species
  • Grossly:
    • Circumscribed areas of missing squamous epithelium
  • Unprotected underlying tissue gets easily damaged and infected, possibly resulting in bacteraemia

Hypertrichosis

  • Increased hair growth
  • Both congenital or hereditary
  • In sheep may be caused by Border Disease virus
  • Microscopically:
    • Enlarged primary follicles and wool fibres
  • Also accociated with maternal hyperthermia

Ichthyosis

  • Inherited cutaneous disease
  • Occurs in dogs and cattle
  • Grossly:
  • Increased adherence of keratocytes preventing normal desquamation
  • In cattle occurs in two forms:
    • Ichthiosis fetalis - fatal, stillborn calves or die within days of birth
    • Ichthiosis congenita - folded and thickened skin, fissures and partial alopecia

Photosensitisation

  • May be due to inherited defects
  • See HERE

Porcine Juvenile Pustular Psoriasiform Dermatitis

Zinc-related disorders

  • Occurs in Bullterriers and calves
  • Resolves with zinc supplementation in calves but not dogs
  • In dogs:
    • Fatal acrodermatitis
    • Lesions start between digits and on foot pads -> severe interdigital pyoderma -> paronychia and hyperkeratosis of pads
    • May also occur on pinnae, elbows, muzzle, hocks or become generalised with crusting, ulceration and secondary pyoderma
    • Histologically:
      • Hyperkeratosis and bacterial pustular dermatitis
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