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| − | ==Classification==
| + | {{toplink |
| − | | + | |backcolour = D1EEEE |
| − | *Although metastatic pulmonary tumours are common in the lung, primary pulmonary tumours are relatively rare in domestic animals (cf. humans)
| + | |linkpage =Cardiorespiratory System - Pathology |
| − | *However, primary tumours are more common in dogs and cats than in other animals
| + | |linktext =Cardiorespiratory System |
| − | | + | |maplink = Cardiorespiratory System (Content Map) - Pathology |
| − | *Classification of pulmonary tumours can be difficult due to the [[Cell Growth Disorders#Metaplasia|metaplasia]] which can occur in both inflammation and in neoplasia
| + | |pagetype =Pathology |
| − | **Bronchial papilloma
| + | |sublink1=Lungs - Pathology |
| − | **Bronchial adenoma/ carcinoma (arising from major airways)
| + | |subtext1=LUNGS |
| − | **Bronchioloalveolar adenoma/ carcinoma (arising from small airways or alveolar parenchyma - either secretory bronchiolar cells or type II epithelial cells)
| + | }} |
| − | **Carcinoid: in humans, these tumours arise from neuroendocrine cells - rare in animals
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| − | ==Primary tumours==
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| − | [[Image:Pulmonary carcinoma.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Pulmonary carcinoma and emphysema (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]]
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| − | [[Image:Adenomatosis of lung.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Adenomatosis (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]]
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| − | [[Image:Alveolar cell carcinoma.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Alveolar cell carcinoma (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]]
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| − | *Most arise from pulmonary epithelium
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| − | *Usually middle aged to old dogs and cats
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| − | ===Bronchogenic carcinoma=== | |
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| − | * In dogs usually invasive bronchogenic carcinomas mostly arising from hilar region an metastasise via the airways to other parts of the lungs
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| − | *Types:
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| − | **Squamous cell - large cells with vesicular nuclei
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| − | **Adenocarcinoma - invasive and destructive, least malignant
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| − | **Adenosquamous carcinoma - both squamous and glandular part in one tumour, common, similar to metastatic
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| − | **Undifferentiated - very rare in animals
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| − | *Large, irregular, pale, not well defined border
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| − | *Spread through pulmonary lymphatics
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| − | ===Bronchioloalveolar tumours=== | |
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| − | *Most common in dogs
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| − | *Arise from either secretory bronchiolar or alveolar type II epithelial cells, often both types in same tumour
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| − | *May be an incidental necropsy finding
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| − | *Often occur as solitary nodules at the periphery of the lung, occasionally multiple
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| − | *Histologically:
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| − | **Regular alveolar pattern
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| − | *May resemble chronic inflammation or rapid metastatic spread of tumour from a primary elsewhere in the body
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| − | ===[[Sheep Pulmonary Adenomatosis]] (SPA/ Jaagsiekte)===
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| − | ===Carcinoids===
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| − | *Occasionally occur in animals, mainly in humans
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| − | *Originate from neuroendocrine components of major airways
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| − | *Microscopically:
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| − | **Large number of small secretory granules
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| − | ===Granular cell tumours===
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| − | *Also called '''myoblastomas'''
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| − | *Mesenchymal origin
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| − | *Occurs in [[Alimentary System - Horse Anatomy|horses]]
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| − | *Grossly:
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| − | **Multiple discrete of partially confluent nodules
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| − | **Tend to be associated with major bronchi
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| − | **May cause obstruction
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| − | *Histologically:
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| − | **Large polyhedral cells aggregation
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| − | **Fibrovascular stroma
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| − | ===Lymphomatoid granulomatosis===
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| − | *Occurs in dogs
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| − | *Histologically:
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| − | **Mixed, atypical lymphoreticular cells infiltrating one or more lung lobes
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| − | **Tend to invade blood vessel walls and airways
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| − | **Fibrous stroma
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| − | **Many mitotic figures
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| − | ==Metastatic tumours==
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| − | [[Image:Lung carcinoma.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Lung carcinoma in a dog (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]]
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| − | [[Image:Metastatic fibrosarcoma.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Metastatic fibrosarcoma in canine lung (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]]
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| − | [[Image:Metastatic sweat gland carcinoma.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Metastatic sweat gland carcinoma in feline lung (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]]
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| − | *All are malignant by definition
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| − | *Relatively common in domestic species
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| − | *Examples of common metastatic tumours include :
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| − | **Mammary carcinoma (dog and cat)
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| − | **Haemangiosarcomas
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| − | **[[Osteosarcoma|Osteosarcomas]]
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| − | **Uterine adenocarcinoma (cattle)
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| − | **Malignant melanoma (horse)
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| − | *Often manifest as multiple nodules scattered throughout the parenchyma - these lesions are often referred to as "cannon-ball" metastases, in all lung lobes
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| − | *Histological examination usually shows the metastases to resemble the primary tumour however they may be either better or less well differentiated
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| − | *Sometimes the metastasis can be sen only microscopically, grossly the lungs are discoloured and more firm than usual
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| − | *Disseminate widely through lymphatics
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| − | *'''In horses'''
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| − | **cranial mediastinal [[lymphosarcoma]]
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| − | **pulmonary granular cell tumour
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| − | **malignant melanoma
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| − | **haemangiosarcoma
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| − | **metastatic adenocarcinoma
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| − | **metastatic carcinoma
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| − | <big>A space occupying lesion in the canine lung may produce periosteal thickening of the long bone - [[Hypertrophic Osteopathy|'''Hypertrophic Osteopathy''']]</big>
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| − | ==Test yourself with the Lungs Pathology Flashcards==
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| − | [[Lungs_Flashcards_-_Pathology|Lungs Pathology Flashcards]]
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| − | [[Category:Lungs - Pathology]]
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| − | [[Category:Respiratory System - Hyperplastic/Neoplastic Pathology]]
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