Difference between revisions of "Pelvis - Anatomy & Physiology"

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<big><center>[[Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO MUSCULOSKELETAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
 
==Pelvic Girdle==
 
==Pelvic Girdle==
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[[Image:Pelvis.png|thumb|right|250px|Pelvis - Wikimedia Commons 2008]]
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*Two symmetrical halves: hip bones ('''ossa cosarum''') meet at pelvic symphysis ventrally and articulate with sacrum dorsally
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*Hip Bones:
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The pelvic girdle consists of two symmetrical halves. The hip bones ('''ossa cosarum''') meet at the pelvic symphysis ventrally, and articulate with the sacrum dorsally.
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**Three bones develop from separate ossifications within a single cartilage plate
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**[[Ilium - Anatomy and Physiology|Ilium]]: craniodorsal, extends obliquely forward from hip to articulate with sacrum
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===Hip Bones===
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***Cranial wing varies between species
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***Dorsally, forms '''sacral tuber''' more prominent in large animals than dogs and cats
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Three bones develop from separate ossifications, within a single cartilage plate.
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***Ventrally, forms '''tuber coxae''', or the point of the hip
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***Margin of the wing is known as the '''iliac crest'''
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1. [[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Ilium|'''Ilium''']]
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***Body is deeply excavated for attachment of the gluteus medius
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***'''Greater Sciatic Notch''' on dorsal border of the wing is cut away at its junction with the shaft to allow the sciatic nerve passage en route to the hind limb
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The ilium is craniodorsal and extends obliquely forward from the hip to articulate with the sacrum. The cranial wing varies between species. Dorsally, it forms the '''sacral tuber''', which is more prominent in larger animals than in dogs and cats. Ventrally, it forms the '''tuber coxae''', or the point of the hip. The margin of the wing is known as the '''iliac crest''' and the body is deeply excavated for attachment of the gluteus medius. The '''greater sciatic notch''' on dorsal border of the wing, is cut away at its junction with the shaft, to allow the sciatic nerve passage en route to the hind limb.
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**'''Pubis''': extends medially from the joint to form cranial pelvic floor
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***L-shaped to give two branches: cranial (acetabular) and caudal (symphysial)
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2. [[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Pubis|'''Pubis''']]
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**[[Ischium - Anatomy & Physiology|Ischium]]: caudal, forms most of pelvic floor
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***'''Ischial tuberosity''' is formed by the caudolateral corner of the  horizontal plate of the ischium
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The pubis extends medially from the joint to form the cranial pelvic floor. It is L-shaped to give two branches; cranial (acetabular) and caudal (symphysial).
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**The '''Pelvic Symphysis''' comprises both pubis and ischium  
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**The '''Acetabulum"" provides the socket to the joint of the hip, and is comprised of all three bones of the pelvis
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3. [[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Ischium|'''Ischium''']]
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*Species differences:
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**Larger species have a more vertical ilium, bringing the sacroiliac joint (and with it the weight of the trunk) closer to the hip
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The ischium is caudal and forms most of the pelvic floor. The '''ischial tuberosity''' is formed by the caudolateral corner of the  horizontal plate of the ischium. The '''pelvic symphysis''' comprises both the pubis and the ischium .
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**Smaller species have an oblique ilium
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The '''Acetabulum''' provides the socket to the joint of the hip, and is composed of all three bones of the pelvis.
 
  
 
==Pelvic Joints and Ligaments==
 
==Pelvic Joints and Ligaments==
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[[Image:Grays Pelvic Symphysis.png|thumb|right|250px|Pelvic Symphysis, Gray's Anatomy - Wikimedia Commons 2008]]
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*'''Pelvic Symphysis''': secondary cartilaginous joint that ossifies with age and may expand in parturition
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*'''Sacroiliac joints''': synovial joints combined with fibrous joints  
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'''Pelvic Symphysis''': secondary cartilaginous joint that ossifies with age and may expand in parturition.
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**Transmits the weight of the trunk to the hindlimbs
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*'''Sacrotuberous ligament''' varies tremendously between species, caudal edge is palpable
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'''Sacroiliac joints''': synovial joints combined with fibrous joints. They transmit the weight of the trunk to the hindlimbs.
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**Dog: stout cord extending between the sacrum and lateral ischial tuberosity
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**Cat: not present
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'''Sacrotuberous ligament''': varies tremendously between species, the caudal edge is palpable.
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**Ungulates: '''Sacrosciatic ligament''' expands to a broad sheet
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==Species differences==
 
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Larger species have a more vertical ilium, bringing the sacroiliac joint (and with it the weight of the trunk) closer to the hip. Smaller species have an oblique ilium. The dog has a stout cord extending between the sacrum and lateral ischial tuberosity, this is not present in the cat. In ungulates, the '''sacrosciatic ligament''' expands to a broad sheet.
 
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{{Template:Learning
 
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|videos = [http://stream2.rvc.ac.uk/Frean/sheep/SacroSciaticLigament.wmv Sacrosciatic Ligament of the Sheep]
 
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|CAL = [[Canine Radiographic Anatomy resource|Interactive programme where you can explore the radiographic anatomy of the dog, including the pelvis]]
 
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|dragster = [[Canine Pelvis Radiographical Anatomy Resources (I & II)]]<br>[[Canine Pelvis Skeletal Anatomy Resources (I & II)]]<br>[[Canine Pelvis Surface Anatomy Resources (I & II)]]<br>[[Canine Pelvis and Femoral Region Surface Anatomy Resource]]<br>[[Equine Abdomen and Hip Surface Anatomy Resource]]<br>[[Equine Pelvis and Genitalia Surface Anatomy Resource]]
 
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|OVAM = [http://www.onlineveterinaryanatomy.net/content/muscle-flashcards-hip-quicktime Muscle flashcards - muscles of the canine hip]
 
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}}
 
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==Webinars==
 
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<rss max="10" highlight="pelvis">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/orthopaedics/webinars/feed</rss>
 
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[[Category:Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology]]
 
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[[Category:A&P Done]]
 

Revision as of 14:56, 11 August 2008

BACK TO MUSCULOSKELETAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Pelvic Girdle

  • Two symmetrical halves: hip bones (ossa cosarum) meet at pelvic symphysis ventrally and articulate with sacrum dorsally
  • Hip Bones:
    • Three bones develop from separate ossifications within a single cartilage plate
    • Ilium: craniodorsal, extends obliquely forward from hip to articulate with sacrum
      • Cranial wing varies between species
      • Dorsally, forms sacral tuber more prominent in large animals than dogs and cats
      • Ventrally, forms tuber coxae, or the point of the hip
      • Margin of the wing is known as the iliac crest
      • Body is deeply excavated for attachment of the gluteus medius
      • Greater Sciatic Notch on dorsal border of the wing is cut away at its junction with the shaft to allow the sciatic nerve passage en route to the hind limb
    • Pubis: extends medially from the joint to form cranial pelvic floor
      • L-shaped to give two branches: cranial (acetabular) and caudal (symphysial)
    • Ischium: caudal, forms most of pelvic floor
      • Ischial tuberosity is formed by the caudolateral corner of the horizontal plate of the ischium
    • The Pelvic Symphysis comprises both pubis and ischium
    • The Acetabulum"" provides the socket to the joint of the hip, and is comprised of all three bones of the pelvis
  • Species differences:
    • Larger species have a more vertical ilium, bringing the sacroiliac joint (and with it the weight of the trunk) closer to the hip
    • Smaller species have an oblique ilium

Pelvic Joints and Ligaments

  • Pelvic Symphysis: secondary cartilaginous joint that ossifies with age and may expand in parturition
  • Sacroiliac joints: synovial joints combined with fibrous joints
    • Transmits the weight of the trunk to the hindlimbs
  • Sacrotuberous ligament varies tremendously between species, caudal edge is palpable
    • Dog: stout cord extending between the sacrum and lateral ischial tuberosity
    • Cat: not present
    • Ungulates: Sacrosciatic ligament expands to a broad sheet
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