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| − | ==Myotonia==
| + | {{toplink |
| − | | + | |backcolour = E0EEEE |
| − | * Myotonia is the term given to sustained muscle contraction.
| + | |linkpage = Nervous System - Pathology |
| − | * Myotonia may be congenital or acquired.
| + | |linktext =Nervous System |
| − | | + | |maplink = Nervous System (Content Map) - Pathology |
| − | ===Congenital===
| + | |pagetype =Pathology |
| − | | + | }} |
| − | * Myotonia congenita is caused by an ion channel defect.
| + | <br> |
| − | * Certain breeds of dogs are predisposed to myotonia congenita.
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| − | ** Chow chow
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| − | *** The condition is caused by a defect in the sodium channel.
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| − | ** Schnauzer
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| − | *** The condition is caused by a defect in the chloride channel.
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| − | ====Clinical Signs==== | |
| − | | |
| − | * Stiffness is present from birth.
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| − | ** Signs improve with exercise.
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| − | * Hypertrophy of the [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] and appendicular muscles.
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| − | * Percussion dimple formation
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| − | * Biopsy results may:
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| − | ** Be normal, or
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| − | ** Show type 1 fibre predominance or hypertrophy.
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| − | | |
| − | ====Treatment====
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| − | | |
| − | * Exercise avoidance.
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| − | * Drugs:
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| − | ** Metilxantine
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| − | ** Procainamide
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| − | ===Acquired===
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| − | * Acquired myotonia may be caused by:
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| − | ** Herbicides
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| − | *** For example, (2,4-D) and dicamba.
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| − | ** [[Hyperadrenocorticoidism ]]
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| − | *** This may be natural (i.e. increased endogenous steroid production), or iatrogenic (i.e. prolonged corticosteroid administration).
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| − | [[Category:Tremors and Movement Disorders]]
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| − | [[Category:Muscles - Pathology]]
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