Difference between revisions of "Avian Liver - Anatomy & Physiology"

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<big><center>[[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO THE LIVER - ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
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<big><center>[[Avian Digestive Tract - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO THE AVIAN DIGESTIVE TRACT - ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
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==Structure==
 
==Structure==
  
The liver has two lobes. It is dark brown coloured (except just after hatching where it is yellow). The right lobe is larger than the left lobe. It is positioned ventral and caudal to the [[Heart - Anatomy & Physiology|heart]] (as there is no diaphragm). It is closely associated to the '''[[Proventriculus - Anatomy & Physiology|proventriculus]]''' and [[Spleen - Anatomy & Physiology|spleen]]. It has a thin capsule and indistinct lobation. Two bile ducts enter the distal '''[[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|duodenum]]''', one from each lobe of the liver. The duct from the right lobe is connected to the '''[[Gall Bladder - Anatomy & Physiology|gall bladder]]'''. Hepatic lobules are indistinct (except near hilus) due to a lack of '''perilobular connective tissue'''. Avian bile aids the emulsification of fats and contains amylase and lipase.
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*2 lobes
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*Dark brown coloured (except just after hatching where it is yellow)
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*Right lobe larger than left lobe
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*Ventral and caudal to the [[Heart - Anatomy & Physiology|heart]] (as there is no diaphragm)
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*Closely associated to the [[The Proventriculus - Anatomy & Physiology|proventriculus]] and [[Spleen - Anatomy & Physiology|spleen]]
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*Thin capsule
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*Indistinct lobation
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*2 bile ducts enter the distal [[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|duodenum]], one from each lobe of the liver
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*The duct from the right lobe is connected to the [[Gall Bladder - Anatomy & Physiology|gallbladder]]
  
[[Image:Anatomy of the Avian Liver.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Anatomy of the Liver(Avian)- Copyright RVC 2008]]
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*Hepatic lobules indistinct (except near hilus) due to a lack of perilobular connective tissue
[[Image:Avian Liver and Spleen.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Liver and Spleen (Avian)- Copyright Nottingham 2008]]
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*Avian bile aids the emulsification of fats and contains amylase and lipase
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[[Image:Anatomy of the Avian Liver.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Anatomy of the Liver(Avian)- Copyright RVC 2008]]
  
 
==Function==
 
==Function==
  
See [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology#Function|liver function]].
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*See [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology#Function|liver function]]
  
 
==Vasculature==
 
==Vasculature==
  
See [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology#Vasculature|liver vasculature]].
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*See [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology#Vasculature|liver vasculature]]
  
 
==Innervation==
 
==Innervation==
  
See [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation|liver innervation]].
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*See [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation|liver innervation]]
  
 
==Lymphatics==
 
==Lymphatics==
  
See [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology#Lymphatics|liver lymphatics]].
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*See [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology#Lymphatics|liver lymphatics]]
  
==Gallbladder- Species Differences==
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==Histology==
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[[Image:Avian Liver and Spleen.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Liver and Spleen (Avian)- Copyright Nottingham 2008]]
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*Polyhedral and angular cells
  
'''Pigeons''' and '''parrots''' lack a [[Gall Bladder - Anatomy & Physiology|gall bladder]].
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*Larger cells than in mammals
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*Large, spherical nucleus
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*Base of cell forms a wall of the sinusoid
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*Cell apices communicate with the bile canaliculi
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*Granular cytoplasm
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*Liver cords form columns around the interlobular bile capillary. The cell arrangement is simpler than in mammals.
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*Sinusoids anastamose freely
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*Kupfer cells present
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*Reticular fibres support the liver cords
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*Elastic fibres in the capsule and vessels
  
==Histology==
 
  
The avian liver has '''polyhedral''' and angular cells that are larger than mammal cells. The cells have a large, spherical nucleus and the base of the cell forms the wall of the sinusoid. The cell apices communicate with the '''bile canaliculi'''. They have a granular cytoplasm.
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==Species Differences==
  
'''Liver cords''' form columns around the '''interlobular bile capillary'''. The cell arrangement is simpler than in mammals. The sinusoids anastamose freely. There are '''Kupfer cells''' present. Fibres include, '''reticular fibres''' to support the liver cords and '''elastic fibres''' in the capsule and vessels.
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*Pigeons and parrots lack a [[Gall Bladder - Anatomy & Physiology|gall bladder]]
  
 
==Links==
 
==Links==
  
'''Click here for more information on [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology]]'''
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[[The Avian Alimentary Tract - Anatomy & Physiology - Flashcards|Avian Alimentary Tract Flashcards]]
 
 
{{Template:Learning
 
|flashcards = [[The Avian Alimentary Tract - Anatomy & Physiology - Flashcards|Avian Alimentary Tract]]
 
|OVAM = [http://www.onlineveterinaryanatomy.net/content/interactive-avian-anatomy-liver Avian Interactive Anatomy - Liver]
 
}}
 
  
==Webinars==
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[[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology]]
<rss max="10" highlight="none">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/gastroenterology-and-nutrition/webinars/feed</rss>
 
  
[[Category:Avian Alimentary System - Anatomy & Physiology]]
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[[Gall Bladder - Anatomy & Physiology]]
[[Category:A&P Done]]
 

Revision as of 16:57, 28 August 2008

BACK TO THE LIVER - ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
BACK TO THE AVIAN DIGESTIVE TRACT - ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY


Structure

  • 2 lobes
  • Dark brown coloured (except just after hatching where it is yellow)
  • Right lobe larger than left lobe
  • Ventral and caudal to the heart (as there is no diaphragm)
  • Thin capsule
  • Indistinct lobation
  • 2 bile ducts enter the distal duodenum, one from each lobe of the liver
  • The duct from the right lobe is connected to the gallbladder
  • Hepatic lobules indistinct (except near hilus) due to a lack of perilobular connective tissue
  • Avian bile aids the emulsification of fats and contains amylase and lipase
Anatomy of the Liver(Avian)- Copyright RVC 2008

Function

Vasculature

Innervation

Lymphatics

Histology

Liver and Spleen (Avian)- Copyright Nottingham 2008
  • Polyhedral and angular cells
  • Larger cells than in mammals
  • Large, spherical nucleus
  • Base of cell forms a wall of the sinusoid
  • Cell apices communicate with the bile canaliculi
  • Granular cytoplasm
  • Liver cords form columns around the interlobular bile capillary. The cell arrangement is simpler than in mammals.
  • Sinusoids anastamose freely
  • Kupfer cells present
  • Reticular fibres support the liver cords
  • Elastic fibres in the capsule and vessels


Species Differences

Links

Avian Alimentary Tract Flashcards

Liver - Anatomy & Physiology

Gall Bladder - Anatomy & Physiology