Difference between revisions of "Thyroid Gland Flash Cards - Anatomy & Physiology"
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| − | | | + | |backcolour = FAFAD2 |
| − | | | + | |linkpage =Endocrine System - Anatomy & Physiology |
| − | | | + | |linktext =Endocrine System |
| − | | | + | |maplink = Endocrine System (Content Map) - Anatomy & Physiology |
| − | | | + | |pagetype =Anatomy |
| + | |sublink1=Endocrine System - Flash Cards - Anatomy and Physiology | ||
| + | |subtext1=ENDOCRINE FLASH CARDS | ||
| + | |sublink2=Flash Cards - Anatomy and Physiology | ||
| + | |subtext2=FLASH CARDS | ||
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| + | <center>''In order to reveal an answer, highlight the bulleted area using your mouse.''</center> | ||
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| + | {| border="3" cellpadding="8" | ||
| + | !width="250"|'''Question''' | ||
| + | !width="500"|'''Answer''' | ||
| + | !width="50"|'''Article''' | ||
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| + | |<big>Describe embryological origin of the Thyroid Gland. | ||
| + | ||<font color="white"> <big> | ||
| + | *The thyroid gland is a downgrowth from the pharyngeal endoderm of the developing tongue. | ||
| + | ||[[Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Answer article]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |<big>Describe the location of the thyroid gland, it's closely associated structures and anatomical landmarks. | ||
| + | ||<font color="white"> <big> | ||
*The thyroid gland is adjacent to the cranial part of the trachea, closely associated with the Parathyroid Glands which may be within or close to the thyroid gland itself. | *The thyroid gland is adjacent to the cranial part of the trachea, closely associated with the Parathyroid Glands which may be within or close to the thyroid gland itself. | ||
*Close to the thyroid gland are the ''Sternohyoid'' and ''Sternothyroid'' muscles, the ''recurrent laryngeal'' nerve and the ''carotid sheath''. | *Close to the thyroid gland are the ''Sternohyoid'' and ''Sternothyroid'' muscles, the ''recurrent laryngeal'' nerve and the ''carotid sheath''. | ||
| − | | | + | ||[[Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Answer article]] |
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| − | | | + | |<big>Describe the blood supply and venous drainage of the Thyroid Gland. |
| − | *Supply | + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
| − | *Venous Drainage | + | *Supply = Cranial Thyroid Artery and Caudal Thyroid Artery |
| − | | | + | *Venous Drainage = Thyroid Vein (leading to Internal Jugular Vein). |
| − | | | + | ||[[Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Answer article]] |
| − | | | + | |- |
| − | | | + | |<big>The Thyroid gland consists of various sized follicles. What is the name of the cells which line the lumen of the follicles, and what is their function? |
| − | | | + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
| − | | | + | * Follicular Cells - these synthesize thyroglobulin in their golgi apparatus. Thyroglobulin is a glycoprotein consisting of 70 linked ''tyrosine'' molecules and is the source of thyroid hormones. |
| − | *A | + | ||[[Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Answer article]] |
| − | *B | + | |- |
| − | *C | + | |<big>Label the following histological section: |
| − | *D | + | [[Image:ThyroidGlandFlashCard1.jpg|left|thumb|250px|©RVC 2008]] |
| − | | | + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
| − | | | + | *A = Connective Tissue Capsule |
| − | | | + | *B = Thyroid Follicles |
| + | *C = Connective Tissue Septum | ||
| + | *D = Blood Vessels in Capsule. | ||
| + | ||[[Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology#Histology Gallery|Answer Article]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |<big>Which Letter represents the location of the C-Cells of the Thyroid Gland, and what is their function? | ||
| + | [[Image:ThyroidGlandFlashCard.jpg|left|thumb|250px|©RVC 2008]] | ||
| + | ||<font color="white"> <big> | ||
*A represents the C Cells. | *A represents the C Cells. | ||
*The C-Cells (aka Parafollicular Cells) produce Calcitonin, a hormone which acts to lower the plasma calcium level. | *The C-Cells (aka Parafollicular Cells) produce Calcitonin, a hormone which acts to lower the plasma calcium level. | ||
| − | | | + | ||[[Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology#Ultrastructure and Histology|Answer Article]] |
| − | | | + | |- |
| − | | | + | |<big>Define and describe the process of ''Iodide Trapping''. |
| + | ||<font color="white"> <big> | ||
*Iodide trapping is the process by which Iodide molecules (I-) are concentrated in the colloid at a level up to 250x greater than the plasma level. | *Iodide trapping is the process by which Iodide molecules (I-) are concentrated in the colloid at a level up to 250x greater than the plasma level. | ||
| − | *The Na+/I- symport in the basal membrane of the follicular cells moves the iodine from the plasma, into the cell. From here | + | *The Na+/I- symport in the basal membrane of the follicular cells moves the iodine from the plasma, into the cell. From here is is transported into the colloid. |
*The follicular cells and the pumps function in response to Thyroid Stimulating Hormone from the Pituitary Gland. | *The follicular cells and the pumps function in response to Thyroid Stimulating Hormone from the Pituitary Gland. | ||
| − | | | + | ||[[Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology#Iodine Uptake|Answer Article]] |
| − | | | + | |- |
| − | | | + | |<big>Name the three hormones produced in the thyroid gland and describe how they are transported around the body? |
| + | ||<font color="white"> <big> | ||
*Hormones: Triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4) and Reverse T3. | *Hormones: Triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4) and Reverse T3. | ||
*Thyroid hormones are lipid soluble, thus require a binding protein in order to travel in the bloodstream. Thyroid Binding Globulin caries 70-80% of the circulating hormone, with Thyroxine Binding Pre-Albumin, and Albumin carrying the remainder. | *Thyroid hormones are lipid soluble, thus require a binding protein in order to travel in the bloodstream. Thyroid Binding Globulin caries 70-80% of the circulating hormone, with Thyroxine Binding Pre-Albumin, and Albumin carrying the remainder. | ||
| − | | | + | ||[[Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology#Transport|Answer article]] |
| − | | | + | |- |
| − | | | + | |<big>What are Hormone A and Hormone B in this schematic diagram of the Hypothalamic - Pituitary - Thyroid Axis: |
| − | *Hormone A | + | [[Image:ThyroidGlandFlashCard3.jpg|left|thumb|250px]] |
| − | *Hormone B | + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
| − | | | + | *Hormone A = TRH - Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone |
| − | | | + | *Hormone B = TSH - Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (Thyrotropin) |
| − | + | ||[[Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology#Regulation|Answer article]] | |
| + | |- | ||
| + | |<big>Decribe the effects that T3 and T4 have on the following systems/physiological mechanisms: | ||
*Musculoskeletal System | *Musculoskeletal System | ||
*Carbohydrate metabolism | *Carbohydrate metabolism | ||
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*Nervous System | *Nervous System | ||
*Alimentary System | *Alimentary System | ||
| − | *Musculoskeletal system - Thyroid hormone promotes bone growth | + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
| − | *Carbohydrate metabolism - Thyroid hormone stimulates glucose uptake, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis | + | *'''Musculoskeletal system''' - Thyroid hormone promotes bone growth |
| − | *Fat metabolism - Thyroid hormone mobilises lipids from adipose stores. Accelerates oxidation of lipids to produce energy (occurs within mitochondria). Increases size and number of mitochondria. | + | *'''Carbohydrate metabolism''' - Thyroid hormone stimulates glucose uptake, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis |
| − | *Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) - Thyroid hormone causes and increase in BMR in all tissues except brain, spleen, gonads. Results in increased heat production, increased oxygen consumption. | + | *'''Fat metabolism''' - Thyroid hormone mobilises lipids from adipose stores. Accelerates oxidation of lipids to produce energy (occurs within mitochondria). Increases size and number of mitochondria. |
| − | *Cardiovascular actions - Thyroid hormone increases Cardiac output, heart rate and contractility. | + | *'''Basal Metabolic Rate''' (BMR) - Thyroid hormone causes and increase in BMR in all tissues except brain, spleen, gonads. Results in increased heat production, increased oxygen consumption. |
| − | *Nervous system - thyroid hormones are required for development of this system. They also enhance the sympathetic nervous system (by increasing epinephrine receptors). | + | *'''Cardiovascular actions''' - Thyroid hormone increases Cardiac output, heart rate and contractility. |
| − | *Alimentary System - Thyroid hormone increases appetite and feed intake, increases secretion of pancreatic enzymes and increases motility. | + | *'''Nervous system''' - thyroid hormones are required for development of this system. They also enhance the sympathetic nervous system (by increasing epinephrine receptors). |
| − | | | + | *'''Alimentary System''' - Thyroid hormone increases appetite and feed intake, increases secretion of pancreatic enzymes and increases motility. |
| − | + | ||[[Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology#Thyroid Hormone Actions|Answer article]] | |
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Revision as of 16:47, 3 September 2008
|
| Question | Answer | Article |
|---|---|---|
| Describe embryological origin of the Thyroid Gland. |
|
Answer article |
| Describe the location of the thyroid gland, it's closely associated structures and anatomical landmarks. |
|
Answer article |
| Describe the blood supply and venous drainage of the Thyroid Gland. |
|
Answer article |
| The Thyroid gland consists of various sized follicles. What is the name of the cells which line the lumen of the follicles, and what is their function? |
|
Answer article |
| Label the following histological section: |
|
Answer Article |
| Which Letter represents the location of the C-Cells of the Thyroid Gland, and what is their function? |
|
Answer Article |
| Define and describe the process of Iodide Trapping. |
|
Answer Article |
| Name the three hormones produced in the thyroid gland and describe how they are transported around the body? |
|
Answer article |
| What are Hormone A and Hormone B in this schematic diagram of the Hypothalamic - Pituitary - Thyroid Axis: |
|
Answer article |
Decribe the effects that T3 and T4 have on the following systems/physiological mechanisms:
|
|
Answer article |
