Difference between revisions of "Innate Immunity Flashcards"

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===Actions and Tools of the Innate Immune System===
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{{toplink
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<FlashCard questions="14">
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|backcolour = FFE4E1
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|q1=True or False: The innate immune system responds quicker to infection than the adaptive immune system
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|linkpage =Innate Immune System - WikiBlood
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|a1=True
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|linktext =INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM
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|l1=Innate Immune System - Introduction
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|sublink1 =Flash Cards - WikiBlood
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|q2=Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are expressed by which type of cells?
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|subtext1 =WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS
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|a2=
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|pagetype =Blood
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*Lipopolysaccharides or Gram Negative bacteria
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}}
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*Peptidoglycans of gram-positive bacteria
 
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*Mannose sugars
 
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*D-isoform amino acids
 
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|l2=Recognition of Microorganisms
 
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|q3=What recognises PAMPs?
 
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|a3=Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)
 
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|l3=Recognition of Microorganisms
 
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|q4=Where in the cell are Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) located?
 
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|a4=Cell membrane
 
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|l4=Recognition of Microorganisms
 
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|q5=Where in the cell are NOD2 receptors located?
 
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|a5=Cell cytoplasm
 
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|l5=Recognition of Microorganisms
 
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|q6=Which catabolic enzymes digest microbes after phagocytosis?
 
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|a6=
 
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*Glycosidases
 
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*Lipases
 
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*Proteases
 
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|l6=Phagocytosis
 
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|q7=True or False: Lysosomes do not use energy when they kill microbes
 
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|a7=
 
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*False
 
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*Lysosomes fuse with phagosomes, killing microbes in an energy-dependent way
 
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|l7=Phagocytosis
 
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|q8=Name two physical barriers of the innate immune system
 
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|a8=
 
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*Skin
 
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*Mucous membranes
 
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|l8=Innate Immunity Barriers
 
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|q9=Name 3 biochemical barriers of the innate immune system
 
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|a9=
 
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*Lactic and fatty acids
 
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*Enzymes
 
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*Mucous
 
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|l9=Innate Immunity Barriers
 
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|q10=What is the function of commensal organisms?
 
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|a10=
 
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*Produce natural antibiotics
 
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*Outcompete pathogens at epithelial and mucosal surfaces
 
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|l10=Innate Immunity Barriers
 
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|q11=Complete the sentence about commensal organisms:
 
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<p>When commensals are disturbed, infection with ??? organisms is ???</p>
 
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|a11=
 
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*opportunistic
 
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*increased
 
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|l11=Innate Immunity Barriers
 
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|q12=Name the three main humoral factors and their principal action
 
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|a12=
 
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*Lysozyme
 
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**Digests bacterial cell walls
 
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*Complement
 
−
**Promotes phagocytosis or lysis of invading organisms
 
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*Interferons
 
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**Make uninfected cells resistant to infection and enhances expression of MHC molecules
 
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|l12=Humoral Factors of Innate Immune System
 
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|q13=Which granulocytes are components of the innate immune response to infection?
 
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|a13=
 
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*Neutrophils
 
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*Eosinophils
 
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*Basophils/mast cells
 
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|l13=Innate Immunity Cellular Responses
 
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|q14=Which other cells are components of the innate immune response to infection?
 
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|a14=Monocytes
 
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*Tissue mast cells
 
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*Macrophages
 
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|l14=Innate Immunity Cellular Responses
 
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</FlashCard>
 
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===Innate Immunity to Viruses===
 
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<FlashCard questions="4">
 
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|q1=What is the main element of a viral attack which the innate immune system can recognise?
 
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|a1=Double stranded RNA (dsRNA)
 
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|l1=Innate Immunity to Viruses
 
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|q2=Where are TLR3's located in the cell and what do they recognise?
 
−
|a2=
 
−
*Cell surface
 
−
*Double stranded RNA (dsRNA)
 
−
|l2=Innate Immunity to Viruses
 
−
|q3=What are the funtions of Type I Interferon production in response to a viral attack?
 
−
|a3=
 
−
*Increases mRNA degredation
 
−
*Inhibits protein synthesis
 
−
*Increases antigen presentation to antibody
 
−
|l3=Innate Immunity to Viruses
 
−
|q4=Which cells are produced as the final line of response to viral attack and which cells do they target?
 
−
|a4=
 
−
*Natural Killer cells (NK cells)
 
−
*Targets cells with decreased levels of MHC on their surface
 
−
|l4=Innate Immunity to Viruses
 
−
</FlashCard>
 
−
===Innate Immunity to Bacteria===
 
−
<FlashCard questions="2">
 
−
|q1=What effects does the release of inflammatory cytokines have on the infected area?
 
−
|a1=
 
−
*White blood cell influx
 
−
*Vasodilation
 
−
*Increase in vascular permeability
 
−
*Sustains a rise in core temperature
 
−
*Mediates the release of acute phase proteins from the liver
 
−
*Mediates bone marrow mobilisation
 
−
|l1=Innate Immunity to Bacteria
 
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|q2=Which cell is the most important effector cell in the innate response to bacterial infection?
 
−
|a2=Neutrophils
 
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|l2=Innate Immunity to Bacteria
 
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</FlashCard>
 
  
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<br><br>
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==<font color="purple">Actions and Tools of the Innate Immune System</font>==
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{{Jim Bee 2007}}
+
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
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[[Category:Immunology Flashcards]]
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!width="400"|'''Question'''
−
[[Category:Innate Immune System|Z]]
+
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 +
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''True or False: The innate immune system responds quicker to infection than the adaptive immune system'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''True'''''
 +
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are expressed by which type of cells?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Lipopolysaccharides or Gram Negative bacteria'''''
 +
*'''''Peptidoglycans of gram-positive bacteria'''''
 +
*'''''Mannose sugars'''''
 +
*'''''D-isoform amino acids'''''
 +
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Recognition of Microorganisms|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What recognises PAMPs?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)'''''
 +
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Recognition of Microorganisms|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Where in the cell are Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) located?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Cell membrane'''''
 +
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Recognition of Microorganisms|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Where in the cell are NOD2 receptors located?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Cell cytoplasm'''''
 +
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Recognition of Microorganisms|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Which catabolic enzymes digest microbes after phagocytosis?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Glycosidases'''''
 +
*'''''Lipases'''''
 +
*'''''Proteases'''''
 +
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Phagocytosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''True or False: Lysosomes do not use energy when they kill microbes'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''False'''''
 +
*'''''Lysosomes fuse with phagosomes, killing microbes in an energy-dependent way'''''
 +
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Phagocytosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Name two physical barriers of the innate immune system'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Skin'''''
 +
*'''''Mucous membranes'''''
 +
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Pysical Barriers|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Name 3 biochemical barriers of the innate immune system'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Lactic and fatty acids'''''
 +
*'''''Enzymes'''''
 +
*'''''Mucous'''''
 +
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Biochemical Barriers|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What is the function of commensal organisms?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Produce natural antibiotics'''''
 +
*'''''Outcompete pathogens at epithelial and mucosal surfaces'''''
 +
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Commensal Organisms|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Complete the sentence about commensal organisms'''
 +
||<big>When commensals are disturbed, infection with <font color="white">'''''opportunistic'''''</font> organisms is <font color="white">'''''increased'''''</font> 
 +
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Commensal Organisms|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Name the three main humoral factors and their principal action'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Lysozyme'''''
 +
**'''''Digests bacterial cell walls'''''
 +
*'''''Complement'''''
 +
**'''''Promotes phagocytosis or lysis of invading organisms'''''
 +
*'''''Interferons'''''
 +
**'''''Make uninfected cells resistant to infection'''''
 +
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Humoral Factors|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Which granulocytes are components of the innate immune response to infection?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Neutrophils'''''
 +
*'''''Eosinophils'''''
 +
*'''''Basophils/mast cells'''''
 +
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Cellular responses|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Which other cells are components of the innate immune response to infection?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Monocytes'''''
 +
*'''''Tissue mast cells'''''
 +
*'''''Macrophages'''''
 +
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Cellular responses|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
==<font color="purple">Innate Immunity to Viruses</font>==
 +
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 +
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 +
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 +
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What is the main element of a viral attack which the innate immune system can recognise?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Double stranded RNA (dsRNA)'''''
 +
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Viruses|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Where are TLR3's located in the cell and what do they recognise?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Cell surface'''''
 +
*'''''Double stranded RNA (dsRNA)'''''
 +
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Viruses|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the funtions of Type I Interferon production in response to a viral attack?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Increases mRNA degredation'''''
 +
*'''''Inhibits protein synthesis'''''
 +
*'''''Increases antigen presentation to antibody'''''
 +
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Viruses|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Which cells are produced as the final line of response to viral attack and which cells do they target?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Natural Killer cells (NK cells)'''''
 +
*'''''Targets cells with decreased levels of MHC on their surface'''''
 +
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Viruses|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
==<font color="purple">Innate Immunity to Bacteria</font>==
 +
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 +
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 +
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 +
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What effects does the release of inflammatory cytokines have on the infected area?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''White blood cell influx'''''
 +
*'''''Vasodilation'''''
 +
*'''''Increase in vascular permeability'''''
 +
*'''''Sustains a rise in core temperature'''''
 +
*'''''Mediates the release of acute phase proteins from the liver'''''
 +
*'''''Mediates boone marrow mobilisation'''''
 +
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Bacteria|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Which cell is most important in the innate response to bacterial infection?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Neutrophils'''''
 +
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Bacteria|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
<big><center>[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM''']]</center></big>
 +
<big><center>[[Flash Cards - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS''']]</center></big>

Revision as of 13:55, 4 September 2008

WikiBloodWikiBlood Banner.png
INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM
WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS


Actions and Tools of the Innate Immune System

Question Answer Article
True or False: The innate immune system responds quicker to infection than the adaptive immune system
  • True
 Link to Answer Article
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are expressed by which type of cells?
  • Lipopolysaccharides or Gram Negative bacteria
  • Peptidoglycans of gram-positive bacteria
  • Mannose sugars
  • D-isoform amino acids
 Link to Answer Article
What recognises PAMPs?
  • Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)
 Link to Answer Article
Where in the cell are Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) located?
  • Cell membrane
 Link to Answer Article
Where in the cell are NOD2 receptors located?
  • Cell cytoplasm
 Link to Answer Article
Which catabolic enzymes digest microbes after phagocytosis?
  • Glycosidases
  • Lipases
  • Proteases
 Link to Answer Article
True or False: Lysosomes do not use energy when they kill microbes
  • False
  • Lysosomes fuse with phagosomes, killing microbes in an energy-dependent way
 Link to Answer Article
Name two physical barriers of the innate immune system
  • Skin
  • Mucous membranes
 Link to Answer Article
Name 3 biochemical barriers of the innate immune system
  • Lactic and fatty acids
  • Enzymes
  • Mucous
 Link to Answer Article
What is the function of commensal organisms?
  • Produce natural antibiotics
  • Outcompete pathogens at epithelial and mucosal surfaces
 Link to Answer Article
Complete the sentence about commensal organisms When commensals are disturbed, infection with opportunistic organisms is increased Link to Answer Article
Name the three main humoral factors and their principal action
  • Lysozyme
    • Digests bacterial cell walls
  • Complement
    • Promotes phagocytosis or lysis of invading organisms
  • Interferons
    • Make uninfected cells resistant to infection
 Link to Answer Article
Which granulocytes are components of the innate immune response to infection?
  • Neutrophils
  • Eosinophils
  • Basophils/mast cells
 Link to Answer Article
Which other cells are components of the innate immune response to infection?
  • Monocytes
  • Tissue mast cells
  • Macrophages
 Link to Answer Article



Innate Immunity to Viruses

Question Answer Article
What is the main element of a viral attack which the innate immune system can recognise?
  • Double stranded RNA (dsRNA)
 Link to Answer Article
Where are TLR3's located in the cell and what do they recognise?
  • Cell surface
  • Double stranded RNA (dsRNA)
 Link to Answer Article
What are the funtions of Type I Interferon production in response to a viral attack?
  • Increases mRNA degredation
  • Inhibits protein synthesis
  • Increases antigen presentation to antibody
 Link to Answer Article
Which cells are produced as the final line of response to viral attack and which cells do they target?
  • Natural Killer cells (NK cells)
  • Targets cells with decreased levels of MHC on their surface
 Link to Answer Article



Innate Immunity to Bacteria

Question Answer Article
What effects does the release of inflammatory cytokines have on the infected area?
  • White blood cell influx
  • Vasodilation
  • Increase in vascular permeability
  • Sustains a rise in core temperature
  • Mediates the release of acute phase proteins from the liver
  • Mediates boone marrow mobilisation
 Link to Answer Article
Which cell is most important in the innate response to bacterial infection?
  • Neutrophils
 Link to Answer Article



BACK TO THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM
BACK TO WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS
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