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| | + | |linkpage =The Nephron - Renal Flash Cards - Anatomy & Physiology |
| | + | |linktext =RENAL FLASH CARDS - THE NEPHRON |
| | + | |maplink = Urinary System (Content Map) - Anatomy & Physiology |
| | + | |pagetype =Anatomy |
| | + | }} |
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| − | '''Use the mouse to highlight the answers. They are written in white'''
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| | <TABLE BORDER="2" BORDERCOLOR="#6600FF" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="2" WIDTH="80%"> | | <TABLE BORDER="2" BORDERCOLOR="#6600FF" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="2" WIDTH="80%"> |
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| | </TR> | | </TR> |
| | <TR> | | <TR> |
| − | <TD>What the effects of varying sodium concentration within the body?</TD> | + | <TD>What are the problems if body water levels drop too low?</TD> |
| | <TD><FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF"> | | <TD><FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF"> |
| − | *Too low | + | * Inadequate perfusion due to low blood volume |
| − | **Water and ECF volumes fall | + | * A build up of waste products due to insufficient urine volume |
| − | **Sodium dependant transporters are disturbed
| + | * Increased solute concentrations affect cell function |
| − | *Too High | + | * Inability to sweat and control body temperature |
| − | **Water and ECF volume increases | + | * Death</font></TD> |
| − | **Sodium dependant transporters are disturbed </font></TD> | + | <TD>[[Water Balance and Homeostasis - Physiology#Too Little Water|Link]]</TD> |
| − | <TD>[[Essential Ion and Compound Balance and Homeostasis - Anatomy & Physiology#Sodium|Link]]</TD> | |
| | </TR> | | </TR> |
| − | <TR>
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| − | <TD>Why is sodium not regulated on the basis of plasma concentration?</TD>
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| − | <TD><FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF">
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| − | *Water follows sodium. Therefore volume notconcentration alter
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| − | *The hormonal controllers affect sodium concentration and ECF concentration
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| − | *ADH and the thirst response dilute any increase in sodium by increasing ECF volume</font></TD>
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| − | <TD>[[Essential Ion and Compound Balance and Homeostasis - Anatomy & Physiology#Regulation|Link]]</TD>
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| − | </TR>
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| − | <TR>
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| − | <TD>What is "salt hunger"?</TD>
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| − | <TD><FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF">
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| − | It's where an animal with low body salt concentrations actually craves salt</font></TD>
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| − | <TD>[[Essential Ion and Compound Balance and Homeostasis - Anatomy & Physiology#Salt Hunger|Link]]</TD>
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| − | </TR>
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| − | <TR>
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| − | <TD>What are the three major sources of potassium?</TD>
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| − | <TD><FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF">
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| − | * Diffusion from the small intestine
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| − | * Active transport from the colon
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| − | * Recovered from cellular breakdown</font></TD>
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| − | <TD>[[Essential Ion and Compound Balance and Homeostasis - Anatomy & Physiology#Sources|Link]]</TD>
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| − | </TR>
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| − | <TR>
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| − | <TD>By which three methods is potassium homeostasis managed? Which of these make up the chronic and which the acute response</TD>
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| − | <TD><FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF">
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| − | *Cellular translocation - Acute
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| − | *Renal excretion - 90% of chronic
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| − | *GI excretion - 10% of chronic</font></TD>
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| − | <TD>[[Essential Ion and Compound Balance and Homeostasis - Anatomy & Physiology#Methods of Control|Link]]</TD>
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| − | </TR>
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| − | <TR>
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| − | <TD>Which two things control the acute response and how do they do it?</TD>
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| − | <TD><FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF">
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| − | *Insulin
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| − | *Activation of beta2 adrenoreceptors
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| − | *Work by increasing the activity of Na+ / K+ ATPases causing sodium efflux and potassium influx</font></TD>
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| − | <TD>[[Essential Ion and Compound Balance and Homeostasis - Anatomy & Physiology#|Link]]</TD>
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| − | </TR>
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| − | <TR>
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| − | <TD>Which hormone is the main regulator of potassium??</TD>
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| − | <TD><FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF">
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| − | Aldosterone</font></TD>
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| − | <TD>[[Essential Ion and Compound Balance and Homeostasis - Anatomy & Physiology#Potassium and Aldosterone|Link]]</TD>
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| − | </TR>
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| − | <TR>
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| − | <TD>In which two regions of the nephron is H<sup>+</sup> secreted?</TD>
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| − | <TD><FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF">
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| − | *Proximal tubule
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| − | *Collecting duct</font></TD>
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| − | <TD>[[Essential Ion and Compound Balance and Homeostasis - Anatomy & Physiology#Acid / Base|Link]]</TD>
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| − | </TR>
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| − | <TR>
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| − | <TD>What role do buffers play with regard to excreting hydrogen ions?</TD>
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| − | <TD><FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF">
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| − | Once all bicarbonate has been reabsorbed they combine with residual excess hydrogen allowing it to be excreted without the loss of bicarbonate and without making the urine very acidic.</font></TD>
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| − | <TD>[[Essential Ion and Compound Balance and Homeostasis - Anatomy & Physiology#Buffers of H+ in Urine|Link]]</TD>
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| − | </TR>
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| − | <TR>
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| − | <TD>In ruminants fed low nitrogen diets more urea is reabsorbed. Why?</TD>
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| − | <TD><FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF">
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| − | It is transported to the rumen and converted to microbial protein</font></TD>
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| − | <TD>[[Essential Ion and Compound Balance and Homeostasis - Anatomy & Physiology#Urea and Foregut Fermenters|Link]]</TD>
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| − | </TR>
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| − | </table>
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| − | [[Category:Nephron]][[Category:Urinary System Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards]]
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