|
|
| (23 intermediate revisions by 7 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| − | == Epidemiology == | + | {{toplink |
| − | *Infects a wide range of host species in different areas of the world
| + | |backcolour = |
| | + | |linkpage =Parasites |
| | + | |linktext =PARASITES |
| | + | |pagetype=Bugs |
| | + | |sublink1=Protozoa |
| | + | |subtext1=PROTOZOA |
| | + | }} |
| | + | <br> |
| | | | |
| − | Babesiosis has severe effects on cattle production in parts of the world. First of all, it prevents European breeds from being successful in tropical regions where [[Ticks|ticks]] are endemic as well as occurring sporadically in the UK and Ireland causing losses of around £8 million per year.
| + | * May cause haemolysis and [[General Pathology - Pigmentation and Calcification#Haemoglobin|haemoglobin pigmentation]]. |
| − | | |
| − | === '''Life Cycle''' ===
| |
| − | Both [[Ticks#Disease Transmission|trans-stadial]] and [[Ticks#Disease Transmission|trans-ovarian]] transmission occurs with each female [[Ticks|tick]] producing 3000 eggs and the [[Ticks|tick]] being the definitive host.
| |
| − | | |
| − | ''Babesia'' multiplies in the red blood cells by '''budding''' and it forms 2-4 daughter cells (species dependent).
| |
| − | Giemsa blood smears can differentiate between species using 'Difquik' stain.
| |
| − | | |
| − | *''Babesia'' species are either small or large depending on the size of the daughter cells
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Small ''Babesia''
| |
| − | **E.g. ''B. divergens''
| |
| − | **E.g. ''B. gibsoni''
| |
| − | **Peripheral nucleus
| |
| − | **Obtuse angle
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Large ''Babesia''
| |
| − | **E.g. ''B. major''
| |
| − | **E.g. ''B. canis-complex''
| |
| − | **Central nucleus
| |
| − | **Acute angle
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Daughter cells disrupt the red blood cell and are released
| |
| − | **Spread and infect other red blood cells
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Antigen is released which adsorbs onto other red blood cells | |
| − | **Causes haemolysis and [[Pigmentation - Pathology#Haemoglobin|haemoglobin pigmentation]]
| |
| − | **Causes haemolytic anaemia, haemoglobinuria and fever
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===Enzootic Instability===
| |
| − | *Low rate of transmission
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Few infected [[Ticks|ticks]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Infrequent exposure
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Immunity wanes or is completely absent in many individuals
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Low levels of herd immunity
| |
| − | | |
| − | *'''Higher''' incidence of disease
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===Enzootic Stability===
| |
| − | *High rate of transmission
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Many infected ticks
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Frequent exposure boosts immunity
| |
| − | | |
| − | *High level of herd immunity
| |
| − | | |
| − | *'''Lower''' incidence of disease
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | <big>'''[[Babesiosis - Cattle|Cattle Babesiosis]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''[[Babesia canis]]'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''[[Babesiosis - Horse|Horse Babesiosis]]'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''[[Babesiosis - Small Ruminants|Sheep and Goat Babesiosis]]
| |
| − | </big>
| |
| − | | |
| − | *''Babesia bovis'' myositis
| |
| − | **In cattle
| |
| − | **Infrequent muscle [[Muscle Necrosis|necrosis]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==Test yourself with the Piroplasmida Flashcards==
| |
| − | | |
| − | [[Piroplasmida_Flashcards|Piroplasmida Flashcards]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | [[Category:Piroplasmida]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | [[Category:To_Do_-_Parasites]]
| |
