Difference between revisions of "Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy"

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== Introduction ==
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{{toplink
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|backcolour =
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|linkpage =Cardiology - WikiClinical
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|linktext =Cardiology
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|sublink1=Cardiovascular Conditions - WikiClinical
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|subtext1=CARDIOVASCULAR CONDITIONS
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|maplink1= Cardiovascular Conditions (Content Map) - WikiClinical
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|pagetype=Clinical
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}}
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<br>
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{{cat}}{{dog}}
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*Rare in dogs
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*Common in cats
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[[Image:hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.jpg|right|thumb|125px|<small><center>'''Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (cat)'''. Courtesy of T. Scase</center></small>]]
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[[Image:hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 2.jpg|right|thumb|125px|<small><center>'''Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (cat)'''. Courtesy of T. Scase</center></small>]]
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===Signalment===
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Dogs: Rare
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Cats: Pedigrees (e.g. Persians, Maine Coons) & mixed breeds; Occurs in young pedigrees and young to old mixed breeds; Male>Female
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===Description===
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*Left ventricular concentric hypertrophy without an identifiable cause is known as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The ventricular myocardium becomes so thick that the lumen is reduced to a size that is not compatible with maintaining the heart's function as a pump.  The left ventricle no longer has the capacity to hold normal volumes of blood during diastole.  As a result, the left atrium dilates from the increased pressure and volume of blood backing up into the lungs.
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===Diagnosis===
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====History & Clinical Signs====
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-Asymptomatic
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-Hindlimb paresis or weakness (saddle thrombus see in cats)
  
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Left ventricular '''concentric hypertrophy''' without an identifiable cause is known as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The ventricular myocardium becomes so thick that the lumen is reduced to a size that is not compatible with maintaining the heart's function as a pump. The left ventricle no longer has the capacity to hold normal volumes of blood during diastole. As a result, the left atrium dilates from the increased pressure and volume of blood backing up into the lungs.
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-Signs of left-sided heart failure
  
  
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==Signalment==
 
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This heart disease is rare in dogs but is the '''most common cardiac disease in cats'''. It more frequently occurs in Persians and Siamese breeds of cat. It is thought to be inherited in Maine Coon cats.
 
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<br>
 
  
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== Clinical Signs ==
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====Physical Exam:====
  
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The disease can often be present without clinical signs (asymptomatic).
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-Systolic murmur
  
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There may be hindlimb paresis or weakness, if saddle [[Thrombosis|thrombus]] (cats) occurs due to this disease.
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-Ventricular arrhythmias
  
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There will usually be signs of [[Heart Failure, Left-Sided|left-sided heart failure]]. Tachycardia, [[:Category:Arrhythmia|arrhythmias]] and dyspnoea can also be seen.
 
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== Diagnosis ==
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===Radiography===
  
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Physical examination and auscultation will reveal a systolic murmur and ventricular arrhythmias.
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-Left atrial enlargement
  
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Radiography of the thorax will show a degree of left atrial enlargement, a generally enlarged heart and pulmonary congestion & edema.
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-Enlarged heart
  
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On Electrocardiography (ECG), there will often be presence of a '''tall R wave and a wide QRS complex'''. Ventricular arrhythmias, conduction disturbances and sinus tachycardia may also be seen.
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-Pulmonary congestion & edema
  
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Upon Echocardiography, left ventricular concentric hypertrophy, left atrial enlargement and mitral valve insufficiency are commonly seen with this condition. The chamber size will appear dramatically reduced.
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===Electrocardiography (ECG)====
  
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-Tall R wave
  
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== Treatment ==
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-Wide QRS
  
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It is necessary to treat the individual symptoms, as there is no treatment for the condition.
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-Ventricular arrhythmias
  
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Drugs with contraindications include arterial vasodilators and positive inotropes.
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-Conduction disturbances
  
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-Sinus tachycardia
  
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== Prognosis ==
 
  
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Poor for symptomatic cats.
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====Echocardiography====
  
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-Left ventricular concentric hypertrophy
  
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{{Learning
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-Left atrial enlargement
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|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Disease/dis00924.asp, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]
 
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|flashcards = [[Myocardial Pathology Flashcards]]
 
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}}
 
  
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== References ==
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-Mitral valve insufficiency
  
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Ettinger, S.J. and Feldman, E. C. (2000)''' Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine Diseases of the Dog and Cat '''Volume 2 (Fifth Edition) ''W.B. Saunders Company''
 
  
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Ettinger, S.J, Feldman, E.C. (2005) '''Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine''' (6th edition, volume 2) ''W.B. Saunders Company''
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===Treatment===
  
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Fossum, T. W. et. al. (2007) '''Small Animal Surgery '''(Third Edition) ''Mosby Elsevier ''
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-Treat the individual symptoms
  
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Contraindications: Arterial Vasodilators; Positive Inotrops
  
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{{review}}
 
  
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{{OpenPages}}
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===Prognosis===
  
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[[Category:Cardiomyopathy]] [[Category:Cardiac Diseases - Cat]][[Category:Cardiac Diseases - Dog]]
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-Poor for symptomatic cats
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[[Category:Expert_Review]]
 
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[[Category:Cardiology Section]]
 

Revision as of 14:56, 6 October 2008

 This article has been peer reviewed but is awaiting expert review. If you would like to help with this, please see more information about expert reviewing.


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CARDIOLOGY
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Category:WikiClinical FelineCow
Category:WikiClinical CanineCow
  • Rare in dogs
  • Common in cats
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (cat). Courtesy of T. Scase
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (cat). Courtesy of T. Scase

Signalment

Dogs: Rare

Cats: Pedigrees (e.g. Persians, Maine Coons) & mixed breeds; Occurs in young pedigrees and young to old mixed breeds; Male>Female


Description

  • Left ventricular concentric hypertrophy without an identifiable cause is known as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The ventricular myocardium becomes so thick that the lumen is reduced to a size that is not compatible with maintaining the heart's function as a pump. The left ventricle no longer has the capacity to hold normal volumes of blood during diastole. As a result, the left atrium dilates from the increased pressure and volume of blood backing up into the lungs.


Diagnosis

History & Clinical Signs

-Asymptomatic

-Hindlimb paresis or weakness (saddle thrombus see in cats)

-Signs of left-sided heart failure


Physical Exam:

-Systolic murmur

-Ventricular arrhythmias


Radiography

-Left atrial enlargement

-Enlarged heart

-Pulmonary congestion & edema

Electrocardiography (ECG)=

-Tall R wave

-Wide QRS

-Ventricular arrhythmias

-Conduction disturbances

-Sinus tachycardia


Echocardiography

-Left ventricular concentric hypertrophy

-Left atrial enlargement

-Mitral valve insufficiency


Treatment

-Treat the individual symptoms

Contraindications: Arterial Vasodilators; Positive Inotrops


Prognosis

-Poor for symptomatic cats

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