Difference between revisions of "African Horse Sickness"
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(New page: {{unfinished}} {{toplink |linkpage =Viruses |linktext =VIRUSES |sublink1=Orthomyxoviridae |subtext1=INFLUENZA |pagetype =Bugs }} <br> ====Antigenicity==== *9 serotypes ====Hosts==== *Cl...) |
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+ | |linkpage =Viruses | ||
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− | + | ====Antigenicity==== | |
+ | *9 serotypes | ||
+ | ====Hosts==== | ||
+ | *Clinical: horses, mules, donkeys | ||
+ | *Subclinical: african donkeys, zebras | ||
− | == | + | ====Pathogenesis==== |
+ | *Virus oscillates between horses and midges | ||
+ | **Replicates in the salivary glands of biting midges, and occurs where they breed | ||
+ | *'''Pantropic''' virus: infects endothelium and myocardium | ||
+ | *'''Peracute''': causes sudden death with pyrexia before the onset of clinical signs | ||
+ | *Two forms: | ||
+ | **'''Acute cardac-pneumonic form''': | ||
+ | ***Interlobular pulmonary oedema | ||
+ | ***Pericarditis | ||
+ | ***Hemorrhage and oedema of the viscera | ||
+ | ***Death within 5 days | ||
+ | **'''Subacute cardiac form''': | ||
+ | ***Milder clinical signs but still a high mortality rate | ||
− | + | ====Diagnosis==== | |
+ | *Clinical signs | ||
+ | *Differential: Equine Adinovirus | ||
+ | **EAV causes oedema in the legs, which AHS does NOT | ||
+ | *Suckling mouse inoculation | ||
+ | *Virus serotype identification | ||
+ | *Serology | ||
+ | *RT-PCR will be used in future outbreaks | ||
− | + | ====Control==== | |
+ | Control measures are largely preventative: | ||
+ | *Slaughter or immediate isolation of sick animals | ||
+ | *Mandatory and immediate vaccination with appropriate serotype | ||
+ | *Restricted movement of susceptible animals | ||
+ | **Protection zones and Surveillance zones set in place around outbreaks | ||
+ | *Control of vector: ectoparasiticides, etc. | ||
− | + | ====Current Relevance==== | |
− | + | *Once only found in Africa, but since 1987 has recurred in Spain and Portugal | |
− | + | *Not present currently in the UK but global warming may expand midge breeding grounds | |
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Revision as of 21:30, 14 October 2008
This article is still under construction. |
|
Antigenicity
- 9 serotypes
Hosts
- Clinical: horses, mules, donkeys
- Subclinical: african donkeys, zebras
Pathogenesis
- Virus oscillates between horses and midges
- Replicates in the salivary glands of biting midges, and occurs where they breed
- Pantropic virus: infects endothelium and myocardium
- Peracute: causes sudden death with pyrexia before the onset of clinical signs
- Two forms:
- Acute cardac-pneumonic form:
- Interlobular pulmonary oedema
- Pericarditis
- Hemorrhage and oedema of the viscera
- Death within 5 days
- Subacute cardiac form:
- Milder clinical signs but still a high mortality rate
- Acute cardac-pneumonic form:
Diagnosis
- Clinical signs
- Differential: Equine Adinovirus
- EAV causes oedema in the legs, which AHS does NOT
- Suckling mouse inoculation
- Virus serotype identification
- Serology
- RT-PCR will be used in future outbreaks
Control
Control measures are largely preventative:
- Slaughter or immediate isolation of sick animals
- Mandatory and immediate vaccination with appropriate serotype
- Restricted movement of susceptible animals
- Protection zones and Surveillance zones set in place around outbreaks
- Control of vector: ectoparasiticides, etc.
Current Relevance
- Once only found in Africa, but since 1987 has recurred in Spain and Portugal
- Not present currently in the UK but global warming may expand midge breeding grounds