|
|
| (5 intermediate revisions by one other user not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| − | {{review}} | + | {{unfinished}} |
| | {{toplink | | {{toplink |
| | |linkpage =WikiDrugs | | |linkpage =WikiDrugs |
| | |linktext =WikiDrugs | | |linktext =WikiDrugs |
| − | |sublink1 = Gastrointestinal Drugs | + | |sublink1 = Body Systems Affected by Drugs |
| − | |subtext1 = Gastrointestinal Drugs | + | |subtext1 = Body Systems Affected by Drugs |
| | |pagetype = Drugs | | |pagetype = Drugs |
| | }} | | }} |
| − |
| |
| − | Gastroprotective drugs are often used for the following reasons:
| |
| − | * Gastric and duodenal ulceration
| |
| − | * Gastritis
| |
| − | * Reflux Oesphagitis
| |
| − | * Rumenal Acidosis
| |
| − |
| |
| − | They following are the different classes of drugs that are used as gastroprotectives.
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Antacids==
| |
| − |
| |
| − | These are administered orally and need frequent aministration when given to small animals. They work by chemically neutralising the acidic environment of the stomach.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Examples are: '''magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium trisilicate, magnesium oxide, aluminium hydroxide''' and '''sodium bicarbonate'''.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Histamine (H<sub>2</sub>) Receptor Antagonists==
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Examples are '''cimetidine, ranitidine''' and '''famotidine'''.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | They can be administered orally or by injection and work by inhibiting the action of histamine on parietal cells. This results in reduced production of H<sup>+</sup> ions and pepsin secretion.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Very few side effects are noted. But '''cimetidine''' inhibits the metabolising enzymes of the liver and so slows down the rate of any drug that is given concurrently.
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Proton Pump Inhibitors==
| |
| − |
| |
| − | An example is '''omeprazole''' that is administered orally.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | It works by binding irreversibly to H<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>/ATPase pump and so reduces the secretion of H<sup>+</sup> from parietal cells. It will tend to accumulate in acidic areas as it is a weak base. It won't work in neutral environments.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | There are few side effects. It has a long duration of action as it binds irreversibly to the proton pump.
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Binding Agents==
| |
| − |
| |
| − | An is example is '''sucralfate''' that is administered orally.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | It works by forming a viscous paste in an acidic environment, the binds and protects the mucosal surface. It also stimulates mucus and bicarbonate secretion and the production of prostaglandins.
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Prostaglandin E Analogues==
| |
| − |
| |
| − | An example is '''misoprostol''' that is administered orally.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | It works by mimicing the endogenously produced prostaglandins that are gastroprotective. This will therefore inhibit H<sup>+</sup> production and increase mucus and bicarbonate production. It will also maintain normal mucosal blood flow.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | It should be used when Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are being used, as NSAIDs block prostoglandin formation and so the gastric lining will be more prone to damage.
| |
