Difference between revisions of "Opioids"
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The opioid drugs include [[#Morphine|morphine]] and its synthetic derivatives. They are powerful '''analgesics''', and have dose-dependent '''sedative''' properties. | The opioid drugs include [[#Morphine|morphine]] and its synthetic derivatives. They are powerful '''analgesics''', and have dose-dependent '''sedative''' properties. | ||
| − | Opioids have | + | Opioids have additional recognised effects. They: |
* Decrease the sensitivity of the respiratory centres of the brain to carbon dioxide. | * Decrease the sensitivity of the respiratory centres of the brain to carbon dioxide. | ||
* Give potent cough suppression. | * Give potent cough suppression. | ||
Revision as of 11:42, 3 March 2009
The opioid drugs include morphine and its synthetic derivatives. They are powerful analgesics, and have dose-dependent sedative properties.
Opioids have additional recognised effects. They:
- Decrease the sensitivity of the respiratory centres of the brain to carbon dioxide.
- Give potent cough suppression.
- Cause emesis.
- Constrict the pupils (miosis).
- Reduce gastro-intestinal motility.
- Lead to histamine release.
Mechanism of Action
Pharmacokinetic Considerations
Side Effects and Contraindications
Drugs in this Group
Morphine
Buprenorphine
Butorphanol
Pethidine
Methadone
Fentanyl
Etorphine
Opioid Antagonists
Naloxone is an antagonist to endogenous opioids. It is frequently used in human medicine to antagonise opioid narcotics in the incidence of overdose. Naloxone may be administered intravenously, intramuscularly, intrathecally or subcutaneously. It has a short duration of action (1-2 hours) and so repeated administrations may be necessary.