General Virology Quiz

WIKIQUIZ

Questions reviewed by:

Janet Daly BSc PhD Lecturer in Comparative Virology

1

Other than dogs, which species can canine parvovirus type 2 infect? Rabbit Cat Chinchilla Guinea pig Hamster Please select an option Incorrect. Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a virus that emerged in the late 1970s. CPV 2a/ 2b can cause disease in cats as well as dogs, but not rabbits. WikiVet Article: Canine Parvovirus Correct! Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a virus that emerged in the late 1970s. CPV 2a/ 2b can cause disease in cats as well as dogs. WikiVet Article: Canine Parvovirus Incorrect. Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a virus that emerged in the late 1970s. CPV 2a/ 2b can cause disease in cats as well as dogs, but not chinchillas. WikiVet Article: Canine Parvovirus Incorrect. Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a virus that emerged in the late 1970s. CPV 2a/ 2b can cause disease in cats as well as dogs, but not guinea pigs. WikiVet Article: Canine Parvovirus Incorrect. Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a virus that emerged in the late 1970s. CPV 2a/ 2b can cause disease in cats as well as dogs, but not hamsters. WikiVet Article: Canine Parvovirus

2

What is the other species that can be infected by feline Parvovirus apart from cats, mink and racoons? Bears New world monkeys Ferrets Pandas Voles Please select an option Incorrect. Feline parvovirus does not infect bears, and no parvovirus disease has been reported, but there are numerous reports of serological exposure to canine parvovirus. The correct answer is that pandas can be infected by feline Parvovirus and infection has been reported in captive populations. The disease is very similar to that in cats.WikiVet Article: Feline Parvovirus Incorrect. Feline parvovirus does not new world monkeys. The correct answer is that pandas can be infected by feline Parvovirus and infection has been reported in captive populations. The disease is very similar to that in cats.WikiVet Article: Feline Parvovirus Incorrect. Feline parvovirus does not infect ferrets, although aleutian disease in ferrets is a parvovirus. The correct answer is that pandas can be infected by feline Parvovirus and infection has been reported in captive populations. The disease is very similar to that in cats.WikiVet Article: Feline Parvovirus Correct! Pandas can be infected by feline Parvovirus and infection has been reported in captive populations. The disease is very similar to that in cats.WikiVet Article: Feline Parvovirus Incorrect. Feline parvovirus does not infect voles. The correct answer is that pandas can be infected by feline Parvovirus and infection has been reported in captive populations. The disease is very similar to that in cats.WikiVet Article: Feline Parvovirus

3

Which agent is NOT implicated in infectious canine tracheitis (kennel cough)? Canine parainfluenza 2 Bordetella bronchiseptica Canine herpes virus 1 Canine adenovirus 2 Canine distemper virus Please select an option Incorrect. Canine parainfluenza 2 is associated with the kennel cough complex. The correct answer is canine herpes virus 1 which is associated with fading puppy syndrome and presents with necrotising rhinotracheitis and secondary bronchopneumonia in older dogs. WikiVet Article: viral infections Incorrect. Bordetella bronchiseptica is associated with the kennel cough complex. The correct answer is canine herpes virus 1 which is associated with fading puppy syndrome and presents with necrotising rhinotracheitis and secondary bronchopneumonia in older dogs. WikiVet Article: viral infections Correct. Canine herpes virus 1 is associated with fading puppy syndrome which presents with necrotising rhinotracheitis and secondary bronchopneumonia in older dogs. WikiVet Article: viral infections Incorrect. Canine adenovirus 2 is associated with the kennel cough complex. The correct answer is canine herpes virus 1, which is associated with fading puppy syndrome and presents with necrotising rhinotracheitis and secondary bronchopneumonia in older dogs. WikiVet Article: viral infections Incorrect. Canine distemper virus is associated with the kennel cough complex. The correct answer is canine herpes virus 1 which is associated with fading puppy syndrome and presents with necrotising rhinotracheitis and secondary bronchopneumonia in older dogs. WikiVet Article: viral infections

4

Which of the following is NOT a prion disease? Classical swine fever Chronic wasting disease Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Scrapie Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) Please select an option Correct! Classical swine fever is caused by a pestivirus. Prion diseases are also known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). They are a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases which occur in a number of species, including man. WikiVet Article: prion diseases Incorrect. Chronic wasting disease in elk is a prion disease. Prion diseases are also known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). They are a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases which occur in a number of species, including man. The correct answer is classical swine fever, which is caused by a pestivirus. WikiVet Article: prion diseases Incorrect. BSE in cattle is a prion disease. Prion diseases are also known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). They are a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases which occur in a number of species, including man. The correct answer is classical swine fever, which is caused by a pestivirus. WikiVet Article: prion diseases Incorrect. Scrapie in sheep is a prion disease. Prion diseases are also known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). They are a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases which occur in a number of species, including man. The correct answer is classical swine fever, which is caused by a pestivirus. WikiVet Article: prion diseases Incorrect. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a prion disease. Prion diseases are also knowns as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). They are a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases which occur in a number of species, including man. The correct answer is classical swine fever, which is caused by a pestivirus. WikiVet Article: prion diseases

5

Which of the following diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) is caused by a lyssavirus? Canine distemper Rabies Classical swine fever Aujesky's disease Visna Please select an option Incorrect. Infectious canine distemper is caused by a morbillivirus, which is a member of the paramyxoviridae family. The correct answer is that rabies is caused by a lyssavirus, a member of the rhabdoviridae. WikiVet Article: viral infections Correct. Rabies is caused by a lyssavirus, in the family rhabdoviridae. WikiVet Article: viral infections Incorrect. Classical swine fever is caused by a pestivirus, of the flaviviridae family. The correct answer is that rabies is caused by a lyssavirus; a member of the rhabdoviridae. WikiVet Article: viral infections Incorrect. Aujesky’s diseaseor pseudorabies, is caused by a member of the herpesviridae family. The correct answer is that rabies is caused by a lyssavirus, a member of the rhabdoviridae family. WikiVet Article: viral infections Incorrect. Visna is caused by a lentivirus; a member of the retroviridae. The correct answer is that rabies is caused by a lyssavirus, in the family, rhabdoviridae. WikiVet Article: viral infections

6

Orf is caused by which type of virus? Picornavirus Rhabdovirus Poxvirus Calicivirus Retrovirus Please select an option Incorrect. A picornavirus is responsible for the cutaneous lesions seen in foot-and-mouth disease and swine vesicular disease. The correct answer is pox virus. Contagious pustular dermatitis or orf affects mainly young sheep, less commonly cattle, humans and dogs. It starts with abrasions around mouth commisures and spreads to lips, oral mucosa, eyelids and feet. WikiVet Article: viral skin infections Incorrect. A rhabdovirus is responsible for the cutaneous lesions seen in vesicular stomatitis. The correct answer is a poxvirus. Contagious pustular dermatitis or orf affects mainly young sheep, less commonly cattle, humans and dogs. It starts with abrasions around mouth commisures and spreads to lips, oral mucosa, eyelids and feet. WikiVet Article: viral skin infections Correct! Contagious pustular dermatitis or orf affects mainly young sheep, less commonly cattle, humans and dogs. It starts with abrasions around mouth commisures and spreads to lips, oral mucosa, eyelids and feet. WikiVet Article: viral skin infections Incorrect. A calicivirus is responsible for vesicular exanthema. The correct answer is pox virus. Contagious pustular dermatitis or orf affects mainly young sheep, less commonly cattle, humans and dogs. It starts with abrasions around mouth commisures and spreads to lips, oral mucosa, eyelids and feet. WikiVet Article: viral skin infections Incorrect. A retrovirus is responsible for feline leukemia virus, with which the following cutaneous lesions are associated; cutaneous horns on foot pads, epidermal and follicular epithelial hyperplasia, epidermal giant cells, dyskeratosis, necrosis and ulceration. The correct answer is pox virus. Contagious pustular dermatitis or orf affects mainly young sheep, less commonly cattle, humans and dogs. It starts with abrasions around mouth commisures and spreads to lips, oral mucosa, eyelids and feet. WikiVet Article: viral skin infections

7

Which of the following statements is true with regards to canine parvovirus type 2 infection in puppies? The enteric form of disease is most common in puppies between 3-8 weeks of age The intestinal form of the disease has a high mortality rate It is often fatal in neonates The cardiac form of disease is most common in puppies over 8 weeks of age Puppies under 3 weeks of age are rarely infected Please select an option Incorrect. Puppies infected with canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) between the ages of 3-8 weeks, particularly those without the benefit of maternal antibodies, are most likely to develop the cardiac form of parvovirus, which results in myocarditis The virus targets rapidly dividing myocardial cells causing sudden death and the fading puppy syndrome. Myocarditis is now rare due to widespread passive immunity. The intestinal form of the disease is most common in puppies over 8 weeks old that are infected with CPV-2. The virus targets intestinal crypts, the villi shorten and destruction of cypt cells occurs.This leads to grey, persistent, foul-smelling diarrhoea or haemorrhagic enteritis. There is high morbidity rate, with most puppies in the litter developing the disease but low mortality (10%). Puppies under 3 weeks are rarely infected by CPV-2, due to strong maternal immunity. WikiVet Article: Canine Parvo virus Incorrect.The intestinal form of parvovirus has a high morbidity rate, with most puppies in the litter developing the disease, but low mortality, of around 10%. The intestinal form of the disease is most common in puppies over 8 weeks old that are infected with canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2). The virus targets intestinal crypts, the villi shorten and destruction of cypt cells occurs.This leads to grey, persistent, foul-smelling diarrhoea or haemorrhagic enteritis. Puppies infected with CPV-2 between the ages of 3-8 weeks, particularly those without the benefit of maternal antibodies, are most likely to develop the cardiac form of parvovirus, which results in myocarditis The virus targets rapidly dividing myocardial cells causing sudden death and the fading puppy syndrome. Myocarditis is now rare due to widespread passive immunity.Puppies under 3 weeks are rarely infected by CPV-2, due to strong maternal immunity. WikiVet Article: Canine Parvo virus Incorrect.Puppies under 3 weeks are rarely infected by canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), due to strong maternal immunity. Puppies infected with CPV-2 between the ages of 3-8 weeks, particularly those without the benefit of maternal antibodies, may develop the cardiac form of parvovirus, which results in myocarditis The virus targets rapidly dividing myocardial cells causing sudden death and the fading puppy syndrome. Myocarditis is now rare due to widespread passive immunity. Puppies over 8 weeks old that are infected with CPV-2 usually develop the intestinal form of the disease. The virus targets intestinal crypts, the villi shorten and destruction of cypt cells occurs.This leads to grey, persistent, foul-smelling diarrhoea or haemorrhagic enteritis. There is high morbidity rate, with most puppies in the litter developing the disease but low mortality (10%). WikiVet Article: Canine Parvo virus Incorrect.Puppies over 8 weeks old that are infected with canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) usually develop the intestinal form of the disease. The virus targets intestinal crypts, the villi shorten and destruction of cypt cells occurs.This leads to grey, persistent, foul-smelling diarrhoea or haemorrhagic enteritis. There is high morbidity rate, with most puppies in the litter developing the disease but low mortality (10%). The cardiac form is most common in puppies infected with CPV-2 between the ages of 3-8 weeks, particularly those without the benefit of maternal antibodies. This form of parvovirus results in myocarditis. The virus targets rapidly dividing myocardial cells causing sudden death and the fading puppy syndrome. Myocarditis is now rare due to widespread passive immunity. Puppies under 3 weeks are rarely infected by CPV-2, due to strong maternal immunity. WikiVet Article: Canine Parvo virus Correct! Puppies under 3 weeks are rarely infected by canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), due to strong maternal immunity. Puppies infected with CPV-2 between the ages of 3-8 weeks, particularly those without the benefit of maternal antibodies, may develop the cardiac form of parvovirus, which results in myocarditis The virus targets rapidly dividing myocardial cells causing sudden death and the fading puppy syndrome. Myocarditis is now rare due to widespread passive immunity. Puppies over 8 weeks old that are infected with CPV-2 usually develop the intestinal form of the disease. The virus targets intestinal crypts, the villi shorten and destruction of cypt cells occurs.This leads to grey, persistent, foul-smelling diarrhoea or haemorrhagic enteritis. There is high morbidity rate, with most puppies in the litter developing the disease but low mortality (10%). WikiVet Article: Canine Parvo virus

8

What is the causative agent in infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)? Respiratory syncytial virus Bovine adenovirus Parainfluenza - 3 virus Bovine herpes virus type 1 Bovine rhinovirus Please select an option Incorrect. Respiratory syncytial virus is usually associated with winter housing and causes cranioventral atelectasis and consolidation with interstitial emphysema. The correct answer is bovine herpes virus type 1. It causes a upper respiratory tract infection with serous nasal discharge, increased respiratory rate, coughing and moderate fever with rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, tracheitis and bronchiolitis. WikiVet Article: Bovine viruses Incorrect. Bovine adenovirus causes rhinitis and may also contribute to enzootic pneumonia of calves . The correct answer is bovine herpes virus type 1. It causes a upper respiratory tract infection with serous nasal discharge, increased respiratory rate, coughing and moderate fever with rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, tracheitis and bronchiolitis. WikiVet Article: Bovine viruses Incorrect. Parainfluenza - 3 virus on its own causes rhinitis. The correct answer is bovine herpes virus type 1. It causes a upper respiratory tract infection with serous nasal discharge, increased respiratory rate, coughing and moderate fever with rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, tracheitis and bronchiolitis. WikiVet Article: Bovine viruses Correct! Bovine herpes virus type 1 causes a upper respiratory tract infection with serous nasal discharge, increased respiratory rate, coughing and moderate fever with rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, tracheitis and bronchiolitis. WikiVet Article: Bovine viruses Incorrect. Bovine rhinovirus causes mild respiratory disease. The correct answer is bovine herpes virus type 1. It causes a upper respiratory tract infection with serous nasal discharge, increased respiratory rate, coughing and moderate fever with rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, tracheitis and bronchiolitis. WikiVet Article: Bovine viruses

9

Which family of viruses does the African horse sickness virus belong to? Arteriviridae Reoviridae Paramyxoviridae Adenoviridae Picornaviridae Please select an option Incorrect. The arteriviridae family contains the equine arteritis virus. The correct answer is that the African horse sickness virus is a member of the family Reoviridae. WikiVet Article: equine viruses. Correct! African horse sickness virus is a member of the family Reoviridae.WikiVet Article: equine viruses Incorrect. The paramyxoviridae family includes the canine distemper virus. The correct answer is that the African horse sickness virus is a member of the family Reoviridae. WikiVet Article: equine viruses. Incorrect. The adenoviridae family contains equine adenovirus. The correct answer is Reoviridae from the family reoviridae. WikiVet Article: equine viruses. Incorrect. The picornaviridae family includes the equine rhinovirus which causes rhinitis. The correct answer is that the African horse sickness virus is a member of the family Reoviridae. WikiVet Article: equine viruses.

10

Which family of viruses does the equine encephalitis virus belong to? Adenoviridae Picornaviridae Paramyxoviridae Togaviridae Arteriviridae Please select an option Incorrect. The adenoviridae family contains equine adenovirus. The correct answer is that equine encephalitis virus belongs to the family Togaviridae and is typical of the members of this family as it is capable of moving through multiple hosts. Equine encephalitis virus is transferred via a vector, usually a mosquito, to the horse and it also has zoonotic potential. WikiVet Article: equine encephalitis virus. Incorrect. The picornaviridae family includes rhinovirus which causes rhinitis. The correct answer is that equine encephalitis virus belongs to the family Togaviridae and is typical of the members of this family as it is capable of moving through multiple hosts. Equine encephalitis virus is transferred via a vector, usually a mosquito, to the horse and it also has zoonotic potential. WikiVet Article: equine encephalitis virus. Incorrect. The paramyxoviridae family includes hendra virus. The correct answer is that equine encephalitis virus belongs to the family Togaviridae and is typical of the members of this family as it is capable of moving through multiple hosts. Equine encephalitis virus is transferred via a vector, usually a mosquito, to the horse and it also has zoonotic potential. WikiVet Article: equine encephalitis virus. Correct! Equine encephalitis virus belongs to the family Togaviridae and is typical of the members of this family as it is capable of moving through multiple hosts. Equine encephalitis virus is transferred via a vector, usually a mosquito, to the horse and it also has zoonotic potential. WikiVet Article: equine encephalitis virus. Incorrect. The arteriviridae family contains the equine arteritis virus which causes equine viral arteritis (EVA). The correct answer is that equine encephalitis virus belongs to the family Togaviridae and is typical of the members of this family as it is capable of moving through multiple hosts. Equine encephalitis virus is transferred via a vector, usually a mosquito, to the horse and it also has zoonotic potential. WikiVet Article: equine encephalitis virus.

11

What does equine adenovirus cause in immunocompromised foals? Rhinitis and tracheobronchitis Rhinitis, peripheral oedema, bronchitis/bronchiolitis and conjunctivitis Necrotising bronchiolitis Pulmonary oedema A mild, transient bronchointerstitial pneumonia Please select an option Incorrect. Rhinitis and tracheobronchitis is seen in equine influenza caused by equine influenza virus (Orthomyxovirus). The severity of signs of equine influenza depends on the strain of the virus and the immune status of the animal. Often, acute tracheobronchitis with coughing and feverare seen, and may be accompanied by secondary bacterial infections. The correct answer is necrotising bronchiolitis, seen in immunocompromised foals (especially Arabian foals). WikiVet Article: Viruses Incorrect. Rhinitis, peripheral oedema, bronchitis/bronchiolitis and conjunctivitis are seen with equine viral arteritis (EVA) caused by equine arteritis virus. The correct answer is necrotising bronchiolitis which can be seen in immunocompromised foals (especially Arabian foals). WikiVet Article: Viruses Correct! Necrotising bronchiolitis caused by equine adenovirus can be seen in immunocompromised foals (especially Arabian foals). WikiVet Article: Viruses Incorrect. Pulmonary oedema is seen in African horse sickness caused by orbivirus, in the family reoviridae. There is respiratory distress or cardiovascular failure and rapid death due to the massive pulmonary oedema. The correct answer is necrotising bronchiolitis which can be seen in immunocompromised foals (especially Arabian foals). WikiVet Article: Viruses Incorrect. A mild, transient bronchointerstitial pneumonia is seen with equine rhinopneumonitis. The causative agent is equine herpesvirus type 1 and type 4 which produces primary viral lesions in nasal mucosa and lungs. Incorrect. The correct answer is necrotising bronchiolitis which can be seen in immunocompromised foals (especially Arabian foals). WikiVet Article: Viruses

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Which notifiable equine virus remains latent in macrophages? Equine infectious anaemia Equine arteritis virus Equine encephalitis virus West Nile virus African horse sickness virus Please select an option Correct! Equine infectious anaemia is a notifiable disease caused by a retrovirus. The virus is transmitted in macrophages via vectors e.g. mosquitoes, although it can also be transferred via infected needles, semen and milk. Infected horses have a lifetime latent infection of macrophages with recurring bouts of virus when they become immunocompromised. WikiVet Article: equine infectious anaemia. Incorrect. Equine arteritis virus does not become latent in macrophages, although it can be persistently shed from the accessory sex glands of stallions after clinical infection. Equine infectious anaemia is a notifiable disease caused by a retrovirus. The virus is transmitted in macrophages via vectors e.g. mosquitoes, although it can also be transferred via infected needles, semen and milk. Infected horses have a lifetime latent infection of macrophages with recurring bouts of virus when they become immunocompromised. WikiVet Article: equine infectious anaemia. Incorrect. Equine encephalitis virus does not become latent in macrophages. Equine infectious anaemia is a notifiable disease caused by a retrovirus. The virus is transmitted in macrophages via vectors e.g. mosquitoes, although it can also be transferred via infected needles, semen and milk. Infected horses have a lifetime latent infection of macrophages with recurring bouts of virus when they become immunocompromised. WikiVet Article: equine infectious anaemia. Incorrect. West Nile virus does not become latent in macrophages. Equine infectious anaemia is a notifiable disease caused by a retrovirus. The virus is transmitted in macrophages via vectors e.g. mosquitoes, although it can also be transferred via infected needles, semen and milk. Infected horses have a lifetime latent infection of macrophages with recurring bouts of virus when they become immunocompromised. WikiVet Article: equine infectious anaemia. Incorrect. African horse sickness does not become latent in macrophages. Equine infectious anaemia is a notifiable disease caused by a retrovirus. The virus is transmitted in macrophages via vectors e.g. mosquitoes, although it can also be transferred via infected needles, semen and milk. Infected horses have a lifetime latent infection of macrophages with recurring bouts of virus when they become immunocompromised. WikiVet Article: equine infectious anaemia.